Division of Urologic Oncology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), R. Votorantim, 51, ap. 43, Campinas-SP, 13073-090, Brazil.
Med Oncol. 2011 Dec;28(4):1405-10. doi: 10.1007/s12032-010-9609-x. Epub 2010 Jul 2.
Urethral carcinoma is a rare cancer of the urinary tract. Although most cases are of squamous cell carcinomas, there are several reports in the literature about transitional cell carcinoma and adenocarcinomas whose origin remains controversial. While the diagnosis of this condition is essentially clinical, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the examination of choice for its staging, and a pathological confirmation is still necessary. There is no consensus on the treatment of these tumors because of its low incidence. The following therapeutic options are currently available: surgical resection (often for small and distal urethral tumors); radiotherapy and chemotherapy, for larger tumors, seeking a functional preservation of the penis, bladder and/or vagina; or a combination of these therapies thereof in case of more extensive tumors. The classic treatment involves surgery aiming loco-regional disease control, and continent urinary derivation provides satisfactory functional results in cases of radical urethrectomy. Much still needs to be learned about urethral cancer, and molecular diagnostics tools and therapeutic targets are promissory. The key to better understanding urethral cancer is the pooling of data from a wide range of sources including international consortia.
尿道癌是一种罕见的泌尿道癌症。尽管大多数病例为鳞状细胞癌，但文献中有几例关于移行细胞癌和腺癌的报道，其起源仍存在争议。虽然这种疾病的诊断主要基于临床，但磁共振成像（MRI）是分期的首选检查，仍需要进行病理证实。由于其发病率低，对于这些肿瘤的治疗尚无共识。目前有以下治疗选择：手术切除（常用于小且远端的尿道肿瘤）；放疗和化疗，用于较大的肿瘤，以寻求阴茎、膀胱和/或阴道的功能保留；或在更广泛的肿瘤情况下联合使用这些疗法。经典的治疗方法涉及手术以实现局部区域疾病控制，对于根治性尿道切除术，控尿性尿流改道可提供满意的功能结果。尿道癌还有很多需要了解的地方，分子诊断工具和治疗靶点很有前途。更好地了解尿道癌的关键是从包括国际联盟在内的广泛来源汇集数据。
