大规模抗生素治疗和疫苗接种控制新兵严重肺炎链球菌 5 型流行。

Medical Corps, Israeli Defense Forces, Israel.

Vaccine. 2010 Aug 2;28(34):5591-6. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.06.031.

During an outbreak of severe pneumonia among new army recruits, an epidemiological investigation combined with repeated nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal cultures from sick and healthy contacts subjects was conducted. Fifteen pneumonia cases and 19 influenza-like illness cases occurred among 596 recruits over a 4-week period in December 2005. Pneumonia attack rates reached up to 5.5%. A single pneumococcus serotype 5 clone was isolated from blood or sputum cultures in 4 patients and 30/124 (24.1%) contacts. Immunization with 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine supplemented with a 2-dose azithromycin mass treatment rapidly terminated the outbreak. Carriage rates dropped to <1%, 24 and 45 days after intervention.

在新兵中爆发严重肺炎期间，进行了一项流行病学调查，对患病和健康接触者进行了反复的鼻咽/口咽培养。在 2005 年 12 月的 4 周时间内，596 名新兵中有 15 例肺炎病例和 19 例流感样疾病病例。肺炎发病率高达 5.5%。从 4 名患者和 124 名接触者中的 30 名（24.1%）的血液或痰液培养物中分离出了单一的 5 型肺炎球菌血清型克隆。用 23 价多糖疫苗加 2 剂阿奇霉素进行大规模治疗，迅速终止了疫情。在干预后的 24 天和 45 天，携带率下降至<1%。