Department of Psychology, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, NY 11210, USA.
Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2010 Nov;97(1):55-62. doi: 10.1016/j.pbb.2010.06.001. Epub 2010 Jun 19.
Innate and learned flavor preferences influence food and fluid choices in animals. Two primary forms of learned preferences involve flavor-flavor and flavor-nutrient associations in which a particular flavor element (e.g., odor) is paired with an innately preferred flavor element (e.g., sweet taste) or with a positive post-oral nutrient consequence. This review summarizes recent findings related to the neurochemical basis of learned flavor preferences. Systemic and central injections of dopamine receptor antagonists implicate brain dopamine signaling in both flavor-flavor and flavor-nutrient conditioning by the taste and post-oral effects of sugars. Dopamine signaling in the nucleus accumbens, amygdala and lateral hypothalamus is involved in one or both forms of conditioning and selective effects are produced by D1-like and D2-like receptor antagonism. Opioid receptor antagonism, despite its suppressive action on sugar intake and reward, has little effect on the acquisition or expression of flavor preferences conditioned by the sweet taste or post-oral actions of sugars. Other studies indicate that flavor preference conditioning by sugars is differentially influenced by glutamate receptor antagonism, cannabinoid receptor antagonism and benzodiazepine receptor activation.
先天和后天的味道偏好会影响动物的食物和液体选择。两种主要的后天偏好形式涉及味道-味道和味道-营养的关联，其中特定的味道元素（例如气味）与先天喜欢的味道元素（例如甜味）或与积极的口腔后营养后果相关联。这篇综述总结了与后天味道偏好的神经化学基础相关的最新发现。多巴胺受体拮抗剂的全身和中枢注射表明，大脑多巴胺信号在味道-味道和味道-营养条件作用中都涉及到，而糖的口腔后作用也涉及到。伏隔核、杏仁核和外侧下丘脑的多巴胺信号参与了一种或两种形式的条件作用，并且 D1 样和 D2 样受体拮抗作用产生了选择性作用。尽管阿片受体拮抗剂对糖的摄入和奖赏有抑制作用，但对甜味或糖的口腔后作用引起的味道偏好的获得或表达几乎没有影响。其他研究表明，谷氨酸受体拮抗剂、大麻素受体拮抗剂和苯二氮䓬受体激活对糖引起的味道偏好的条件作用有不同的影响。
