Castelhano Monica S, Heaven Chelsea
Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
Atten Percept Psychophys. 2010 Jul;72(5):1283-97. doi: 10.3758/APP.72.5.1283.
Many experiments have shown that knowing a target's visual features improves search performance over knowing the target name. Other experiments have shown that scene context can facilitate object search in natural scenes. In this study, we investigated how scene context and target features affect search performance. We examined two possible sources of information from scene context--the scene's gist and the visual details of the scene--and how they potentially interact with target-feature information. Prior to commencing search, participants were shown a scene and a target cue depicting either a picture or the category name (or no-information control). Using eye movement measures, we investigated how the target features and scene context influenced two components of search: early attentional guidance processes and later verification processes involved in the identification of the target. We found that both scene context and target features improved guidance, but that target features also improved speed of target recognition. Furthermore, we found that a scene's visual details played an important role in improving guidance, much more so than did the scene's gist alone.
许多实验表明，了解目标的视觉特征比了解目标名称能提高搜索性能。其他实验表明，场景上下文可以促进自然场景中的物体搜索。在本研究中，我们调查了场景上下文和目标特征如何影响搜索性能。我们研究了来自场景上下文的两种可能的信息来源——场景的主旨和场景的视觉细节——以及它们如何与目标特征信息潜在地相互作用。在开始搜索之前，向参与者展示一个场景和一个目标提示，目标提示描绘的是一幅图片或类别名称（或无信息控制）。使用眼动测量，我们研究了目标特征和场景上下文如何影响搜索的两个组成部分：早期注意引导过程和目标识别中涉及的后期验证过程。我们发现，场景上下文和目标特征都改善了引导，但目标特征也提高了目标识别的速度。此外，我们发现场景的视觉细节在改善引导方面发挥了重要作用，其作用远大于仅场景的主旨。
