Natural Health Products and Metabolic Diseases Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
Mol Nutr Food Res. 2010 Dec;54(12):1753-62. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201000045.
Products of cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale) are used in traditional medicine for various ailments, including diabetes.
The anti-diabetic properties of cashew plant parts were studied using differentiated C2C12 myoblasts (myotubes) and rat liver mitochondria. Hydroethanolic extract of cashew seed (CSE) and its active component, anacardic acid (AA), stimulated glucose transport into C2C12 myotubes in a concentration-dependent manner. Extracts of other parts (leaves, bark and apple) of cashew plant were inactive. Significant synergistic effect on glucose uptake with insulin was noticed at 100 μg/mL CSE. CSE and AA caused activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase in C2C12 myotubes after 6 h of incubation. No significant effect was noticed on Akt and insulin receptor phosphorylation. Both CSE and AA exerted significant uncoupling of succinate-stimulated respiration in rat liver mitochondria.
Activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase by CSE and AA likely increases plasma membrane glucose transporters, resulting in elevated glucose uptake. In addition, the dysfunction of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation may enhance glycolysis and contribute to increased glucose uptake. These results collectively suggest that CSE may be a potential anti-diabetic nutraceutical.
腰果树（Anacardium occidentale）的产品在传统医学中用于治疗各种疾病，包括糖尿病。
使用分化的 C2C12 成肌细胞（肌管）和大鼠肝线粒体研究腰果植物部分的抗糖尿病特性。腰果种子（CSE）的水醇提取物及其有效成分，漆酚（AA），以浓度依赖的方式刺激 C2C12 肌管中的葡萄糖转运。腰果植物其他部分（叶，树皮和苹果）的提取物没有活性。在 100μg/mL CSE 下，注意到与胰岛素协同作用对葡萄糖摄取有显著影响。CSE 和 AA 在孵育 6 小时后激活 C2C12 肌管中的单磷酸腺苷激活蛋白激酶。未注意到 Akt 和胰岛素受体磷酸化的显著影响。CSE 和 AA 均对琥珀酸刺激的大鼠肝线粒体呼吸产生明显的解偶联作用。
CSE 和 AA 激活单磷酸腺苷激活蛋白激酶可能会增加质膜葡萄糖转运体，从而增加葡萄糖摄取。此外，线粒体氧化磷酸化的功能障碍可能会增强糖酵解并有助于增加葡萄糖摄取。这些结果共同表明，CSE 可能是一种有潜力的抗糖尿病营养保健品。
