Bull World Health Organ. 1989;67 Suppl(Suppl):41-54.
Breast-feeding is the feeding method of choice for all normal infants because of its many advantages for the health of infants and mothers alike. There are, however, a number of situations-fortunately relatively infrequent-where infants cannot, or should not, be breast-fed. Such circumstances can be related to the health of infants or mothers; in either case, breast-milk substitutes may be needed for extended periods. In this context, it is useful to distinguish between infants who should not receive breast milk at all and infants who cannot be fed at the breast, but for whom breast milk is still the food of choice. There is also a tiny minority of infants who should not be fed either on breast milk or any milk-based substitute; special preparations are required in such cases. Finally, there are also a number of situations which are frequently thought to be an impediment to breast-feeding but which in fact generally are not; these, too, are discussed.
母乳喂养是所有正常婴儿的首选喂养方式，因为它对婴儿和母亲的健康都有很多好处。然而，也有一些情况下——幸运的是相对较少——婴儿不能或不应该进行母乳喂养。这些情况可能与婴儿或母亲的健康有关；在任何一种情况下，都可能需要长时间使用母乳代用品。在这种情况下，区分完全不能接受母乳的婴儿和不能通过母乳喂养的婴儿但母乳仍然是首选食物的婴儿是有用的。还有一小部分婴儿既不能接受母乳也不能接受任何基于牛奶的替代品；在这种情况下，需要特殊的准备。最后，还有一些情况通常被认为是母乳喂养的障碍，但实际上通常不是；这些情况也将进行讨论。
