Marlin D W, Picciano M F, Livant E C
J Am Diet Assoc. 1980 Dec;77(6):668-76.
Nutrient intakes of thirty-nine infants were determined by a combination dietary record/recall method at two, four, eight, and twelve weeks of age. Infants were grouped according to feeding method: Formula only formula plus solid foods, human milk only, and human milk plus solid foods. The contribution of various types of solid foods and milk to total energy and nutrient intakes within each feeding regimen was determined. The effect of feeding regimen upon renal concentrating capacity was assessed by determining plasma osmolality, sodium, and urea in blood samples drawn at four and eight weeks of age. Results indicate that milk was the major source of energy and of ten of the thirteen nutrients tabulated at all ages examined. Data also suggest that solid foods replace, rather than supplement, human milk or formula on a caloric basis. The feeding methods examined did not influence plasma osmolality and sodium levels, despite significant differences in dietary renal solute load observed between breast-fed and formula-fed infants. Plasma urea levels were positively correlated with protein intakes at eight weeks of age. Implications of the data for counseling parents are discussed.
采用饮食记录/回忆相结合的方法，测定了39名婴儿在2周、4周、8周和12周龄时的营养摄入量。婴儿根据喂养方式分组：仅配方奶喂养、配方奶加固体食物喂养、纯母乳喂养、母乳加固体食物喂养。确定了每种喂养方式中各类固体食物和奶类对总能量和营养摄入的贡献。通过测定4周和8周龄时采集的血样中的血浆渗透压、钠和尿素，评估喂养方式对肾脏浓缩能力的影响。结果表明，奶类是所有检查年龄阶段能量以及所列出的13种营养素中10种营养素的主要来源。数据还表明，从热量角度来看，固体食物替代而非补充母乳或配方奶。尽管母乳喂养和配方奶喂养的婴儿在饮食肾溶质负荷方面存在显著差异，但所研究的喂养方式并未影响血浆渗透压和钠水平。8周龄时血浆尿素水平与蛋白质摄入量呈正相关。讨论了这些数据对指导家长的意义。
