Applying evidence into routine clinical care at a unit level: the exemplar of renal anaemia management.

Variability in implementing research evidence into clinical practice is widespread, including in the management of patients with kidney disease. There are numerous well-known barriers and facilitators to evidence implementation identified in other clinical settings and a few chronic kidney disease studies. The necessary changes to health systems that support evidence implementation take time to design, apply and to have a measurable effect. Measurement against an agreed standard is fundamental to this process. We use the example of renal anaemia management across a dialysis unit to illustrate an approach to these issues.