Department of Psychology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA.
Sleep Med. 2010 Aug;11(7):643-51. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2009.11.014.
A substantial literature characterizes pediatric restless legs syndrome (RLS), which occurs in about 1.9% of individuals between 8 and 18years of age. Diagnostic interview techniques and an updated inventory of pediatric RLS mimics are presented. Evidence for comorbidity of pediatric RLS with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, depression, and anxiety is reviewed as is the relationship to periodic limb movements in sleep and periodic limb movement disorder. The role of relative iron deficiency in pediatric RLS is discussed, along with new data indicating the benefit of iron therapy in reducing symptoms. Five genetic variants have been linked to RLS, an important finding in a condition that is highly familial in early-onset cases. Numerous case reports and case series indicate benefit for moderate to severe pediatric RLS with medication. However, to date, there have been no double-blind, placebo-controlled studies of therapy for pediatric RLS published. These and other recent advances relevant to pediatric RLS research are reviewed.
大量文献描述了儿童不安腿综合征（RLS），其在 8 至 18 岁人群中的发生率约为 1.9%。本文介绍了诊断访谈技术和经过更新的儿童 RLS 模拟症候清单。文中还回顾了儿童 RLS 与注意缺陷/多动障碍、抑郁和焦虑共病的证据，以及其与睡眠周期性肢体运动和周期性肢体运动障碍的关系。本文还讨论了儿童 RLS 中相对铁缺乏的作用，以及新数据表明铁治疗可减轻症状。已有五项遗传变异与 RLS 相关，这一发现对于早发性病例中具有高度家族性的疾病非常重要。大量病例报告和病例系列表明，药物治疗对中重度儿童 RLS 有效。然而，迄今为止，尚无关于儿童 RLS 治疗的双盲、安慰剂对照研究发表。本文还综述了与儿童 RLS 研究相关的其他最新进展。
