Department of Psychology, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Israel.
Sleep Med. 2010 Aug;11(7):686-91. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2009.11.017.
Behavioral insomnia is a very common problem throughout childhood. It has negative impact on children and their families and can persist for many years if not treated. Interventions based on cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) principles have mainly focused on withdrawing excessive parental bedtime involvement and helping children develop self-soothing strategies for falling asleep and resuming sleep during the night. With young children, these interventions are mostly based on training and modifying parental behaviors. Changing parental sleep-related expectations, beliefs and perceptions is an important component in these interventions. With older children and adolescents, more versatile interventions exist and they include additional components of CBT including relaxation and stress reduction techniques, modifying cognitive processes related to worrying and anxiety, positive imagery training and others. Extensive research has established the efficacy of behavioral interventions in early childhood. However, research on interventions for older children has been very limited and has failed to provide sufficient information on the efficacy of specific CBT techniques for childhood insomnia.
行为性失眠是儿童期非常常见的问题。如果不加以治疗，它会对儿童及其家庭产生负面影响，并可能持续多年。基于认知行为疗法 (CBT) 原则的干预措施主要侧重于减少父母过度参与孩子的就寝时间，并帮助孩子养成自我安慰的入睡和夜间重新入睡的策略。对于幼儿，这些干预措施主要基于对父母行为的培训和调整。改变父母与睡眠相关的期望、信念和认知是这些干预措施的一个重要组成部分。对于年龄较大的儿童和青少年，存在更多样化的干预措施，它们包括 CBT 的其他组成部分，包括放松和减轻压力的技术、调整与担忧和焦虑相关的认知过程、积极的意象训练等。大量研究已经证实了行为干预措施在儿童早期的疗效。然而，针对年龄较大儿童的干预措施的研究非常有限，未能提供有关特定 CBT 技术治疗儿童失眠症的疗效的充分信息。
