Webster Russell J, Saucier Donald A, Harris Richard J
Kansas State University's Social/Personality Program, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
J Hist Behav Sci. 2010 Summer;46(3):300-13. doi: 10.1002/jhbs.20442.
Given its renown, many psychologists and sociologists likely consider the publication of Gordon Allport's (1954/1979) seminal book The Nature of Prejudice as the inauguration of the psychological study of prejudice. However, we have uncovered rarely-cited, published papers (starting in 1830) that provide a wealth of speculation on prejudice even before psychologists/sociologists attempted to measure it (circa 1925). Thus, this paper intends to discuss early published work on prejudice in psychology and sociology by focusing on three key questions: a) when did psychologists/sociologists recognize prejudice as a psychological phenomenon, b) when did psychologists/sociologists recognize prejudice as a phenomenon in need of study, and c) what were the historical and personal conditions that gave rise to the interest in prejudice? In short, the seeds of prejudice research were maturing for some time before Allport's seminal book and the first attitudinal studies on prejudice, although these earlier works are seldom cited.
鉴于其声誉，许多心理学家和社会学家可能认为戈登·奥尔波特（1954/1979）的开创性著作《偏见的本质》的出版标志着对偏见的心理学研究的开端。然而，我们发现了一些很少被引用的已发表论文（始于1830年），这些论文甚至在心理学家/社会学家试图对偏见进行测量（大约1925年）之前，就对偏见进行了大量的思考。因此，本文旨在通过关注三个关键问题来讨论心理学和社会学中关于偏见的早期已发表作品：a）心理学家/社会学家何时将偏见视为一种心理现象，b）心理学家/社会学家何时将偏见视为一种需要研究的现象，以及c）引发对偏见兴趣的历史和个人条件是什么？简而言之，在奥尔波特的开创性著作和关于偏见的首次态度研究之前，偏见研究的种子已经成熟了一段时间，尽管这些早期作品很少被引用。
