Agricultural Sciences Centre, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes C. P. 20100, México.
Poult Sci. 2010 Aug;89(8):1622-8. doi: 10.3382/ps.2010-00763.
Aflatoxins (AF) have a high impact in both human and animal health, causing significant economic losses in the poultry industry, especially by diminution of avian growth, feed efficiency, and product quality. Aflatoxins affect the whole organism, particularly liver and kidney. The objective of this study was to evaluate renal function alterations in laying hens during chronic AF ingestion. Randomly, 84 Leghorn Hy-Line laying hens (13 wk old) were assigned into 4 experimental groups (n = 21): 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mg of AF/kg of feed. The AF (B(1), B(2), G(1), and G(2)) was obtained from 2 toxicogenic local strains of Aspergillus flavus grown in corn grains; the grain was sterilized, ground, and added to basal diets to achieve the selected AF concentrations. Hens ingested, during 17 and 42 wk, feed contaminated with AF. Data were analyzed in a 4 x 2 factorial arrangement. Hens were anesthetized, ureteral urine samples were collected, and arterial blood samples were taken. The renal functional tests were evaluated by spectrophotometric and flame photometric methods, including a) Na, K, Ca, and phosphate fractional excretions; b) renal hemodynamic studies, glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow by inulin and p-aminohippurate clearances, respectively; and c) identification of macroscopic and histopathologic lesions. The hens intoxicated at all levels of AF showed significant (P < 0.05) increases in Ca, Na, and phosphate fraction excretions. Sodium and phosphates were excreted in a pattern of response time-dose. However, glomerular filtration rate exhibited a significant reduction (P < 0.05). The K fractional excretion and renal plasma flow remained unchanged. These results suggest that AF chronic ingestion affects renal functions of laying hens and induces Ca(++), (-3)PO(4), and Na(+) losses, which are of great concern to the poultry industry.
黄曲霉毒素（AF）对人类和动物的健康都有很大的影响，特别是在禽类养殖业中，会导致严重的经济损失，包括禽类生长减缓、饲料效率降低和产品质量下降等。AF 会影响整个生物体，尤其是肝脏和肾脏。本研究旨在评估慢性摄入 AF 对产蛋母鸡肾功能的影响。将 84 只 13 周龄海兰褐蛋鸡（Leghorn Hy-Line）随机分为 4 个实验组（n = 21）：0.0、0.5、1.0 和 1.5 mg/kg 饲料的 AF。AF（B(1)、B(2)、G(1)和 G(2)）来自于在玉米谷物上生长的两株产毒黄曲霉（Aspergillus flavus）本地菌株；谷物经消毒、粉碎后添加到基础日粮中，以达到所选的 AF 浓度。母鸡在 17 至 42 周龄期间摄入含有 AF 的饲料。数据以 4 x 2 析因设计进行分析。母鸡被麻醉后，收集输尿管尿液样本和动脉血样。采用分光光度法和火焰光度法评估肾功能试验，包括：a）Na、K、Ca 和磷酸盐的分数排泄率；b）通过菊粉和对氨基马尿酸清除率评估肾血流动力学研究，即肾小球滤过率和肾血浆流量；c）识别宏观和组织病理学病变。所有 AF 中毒水平的母鸡均表现出 Ca、Na 和磷酸盐分数排泄显著增加（P < 0.05）。Na 和磷酸盐的排泄呈时间剂量反应模式。然而，肾小球滤过率显著降低（P < 0.05）。K 的分数排泄和肾血浆流量保持不变。这些结果表明，慢性摄入 AF 会影响产蛋母鸡的肾功能，并导致 Ca(++)、(-3)PO(4)和 Na(+)丢失，这对家禽养殖业非常重要。
