University of Kansas, USA.
J Music Ther. 2010 Spring;47(1):53-69. doi: 10.1093/jmt/47.1.53.
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of music, progressive muscle relaxation (PMR), and music combined with progressive muscle relaxation on the reduction of anxiety, fatigue, and improvement of quality of life in family hospice caregivers. Subjects (N = 32) were divided randomly into 4 groups: control, music only, progressive muscle relaxation only, and music combined with progressive muscle relaxation and were tested twice a week for a duration of 2 weeks. A pre and posttest measuring anxiety and fatigue was administered each session. Quality of life was measured only on the first and last session. Results of three-way mixed design ANOVA indicated no significant main effect for group. However, results revealed a significant main effect for pretest and posttest on anxiety F(1, 28) = 51.82, p < .01 and fatigue, F(1, 28) = 32.86, p < .01. Significant difference on time effect were found for both anxiety F(3, 84) = 3.53, p < .05 and fatigue F(3, 84) = 5.21, p < .01. Follow-up paired t tests used for posthoc testing were conducted to compare pre and posttest difference scores for each group separately. Statistical results indicated a significant difference in quality of life when comparing the subject sample as a whole across the four days of treatment period, F(1, 28) = 14.21, p < .01. Follow-up paired sample t test indicated that the control and PMR group exhibited a significant difference in pre and posttest quality of life scores. There was a significant correlation between anxiety and quality of life (r(32) = .75, p < .01), anxiety and fatigue (r(32) = .55, p < .01), and fatigue and quality of life (r(32) = -.53, p < .01).
本研究旨在探讨音乐、渐进性肌肉松弛（PMR）以及音乐与渐进性肌肉松弛相结合对家庭临终关怀照顾者焦虑、疲劳的减轻以及生活质量的改善的影响。将 32 名被试随机分为 4 组：对照组、仅音乐组、仅 PMR 组、音乐与 PMR 结合组，每周测试两次，持续 2 周。每次测试均进行焦虑和疲劳的预测试和后测试。仅在第一次和最后一次测试中测量生活质量。三因素混合设计方差分析的结果显示，组间无显著主效应。然而，结果显示，焦虑的前测和后测有显著的主效应，F(1, 28) = 51.82，p <.01，疲劳的前测和后测有显著的主效应，F(1, 28) = 32.86，p <.01。焦虑的时间效应存在显著差异，F(3, 84) = 3.53，p <.05，疲劳的时间效应存在显著差异，F(3, 84) = 5.21，p <.01。进行事后检验的配对 t 检验用于比较每组的前测和后测差异分数。统计结果表明，在整个 4 天的治疗期间，比较被试样本的整体生活质量存在显著差异，F(1, 28) = 14.21，p <.01。配对样本 t 检验表明，对照组和 PMR 组在预测试和后测试的生活质量评分方面存在显著差异。焦虑和生活质量之间存在显著相关性，r(32) =.75，p <.01，焦虑和疲劳之间存在显著相关性，r(32) =.55，p <.01，疲劳和生活质量之间存在显著相关性，r(32) = -.53，p <.01。
