Garber S L, Dyerly L R
Department of Occupational Therapy, Institute for Rehabilitation and Research, Houston, Texas 77030.
Am J Occup Ther. 1991 Jun;45(6):550-4. doi: 10.5014/ajot.45.6.550.
Occupational therapists frequently prescribe wheelchair cushions to reduce the risk of pressure sores in patients with spinal cord injury. In an earlier study (Garber, 1985b), Roho cushions were prescribed for the greatest number of subjects studied. The present study of 197 subjects updates these data and describes current prescription patterns, the use of cushions over time, satisfaction with prescribed cushions, and the occurrence of pressure sores with prescribed cushions. The study shows that the Jay cushion was prescribed most frequently for the current subjects, although it was not recommended for all persons with spinal cord injury. In the second phase of the present study, involving 30 subjects, 30% of the subjects discontinued use of the prescribed cushion. Skin breakdown and the discovery of alternative solutions were given as primary reasons. There was no significant difference in the incidence of pressure sores between subjects who continued to use their prescribed cushions and those who did not. This research supports the conclusion of earlier studies that no one wheelchair cushion is universally effective for all persons and that individual evaluation and routine reassessment are essential in reducing the occurrence of pressure sores.
职业治疗师经常会开具轮椅坐垫的处方，以降低脊髓损伤患者出现压疮的风险。在早期一项研究（Garber，1985b）中，接受研究的受试者中，开具罗霍坐垫处方的人数最多。本项针对197名受试者的研究更新了这些数据，并描述了当前的处方模式、坐垫随时间的使用情况、对所开具坐垫的满意度，以及使用所开具坐垫时压疮的发生情况。研究表明，尽管杰伊坐垫并非适用于所有脊髓损伤患者，但在当前这些受试者中，开具该坐垫处方的频率最高。在本研究的第二阶段，涉及30名受试者，30%的受试者停止使用所开具的坐垫。皮肤破损和发现替代解决方案是主要原因。继续使用所开具坐垫的受试者和未继续使用的受试者之间，压疮发生率没有显著差异。本研究支持了早期研究的结论，即没有一种轮椅坐垫对所有人都普遍有效，并且个体评估和定期重新评估对于减少压疮的发生至关重要。
