Souza Luciene Guimarães de, Santos Ricardo Ventura, Coimbra Carlos Everaldo Alvares
Fundação Nacional de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Cien Saude Colet. 2010 Jun;15 Suppl 1:1465-73. doi: 10.1590/s1413-81232010000700058.
The overall demographic and health characteristics of indigenous peoples in Brazil are well-known. They are influenced by factors such as territorial restriction, introduction of diseases, changes in social and economic patterns, reduced access to health services, education, all related to patterns of interaction with the Brazilian society. In this paper we analyze demographic and health data on the Xavante Indigenous People, including comparisons with national data. The data on the Xavante, despite limitations related to methodological issues, point to very high mortality levels, way beyond national averages. Mortality is particularly high in children below age five. Xavante infant mortality is among the highest reported in indigenous peoples in Brazil. The results suggest that indigenous peoples are undergoing a complex process of health transition. Although infectious diseases persist as leading causes of mortality, deaths associated with chronic non-transmissible diseases and external causes (including violence) are becoming more common among the Xavante. The authors emphasize that it is fundamental that more attention should be paid to the improvement of the health and demographic information system on indigenous peoples in Brazil.
巴西原住民的总体人口和健康特征广为人知。它们受到诸如领土限制、疾病传入、社会和经济模式变化、获得医疗服务和教育机会减少等因素的影响，所有这些都与与巴西社会的互动模式有关。在本文中，我们分析了沙万特原住民的人口和健康数据，包括与全国数据的比较。尽管沙万特的数据存在与方法问题相关的局限性，但显示出死亡率极高，远超全国平均水平。五岁以下儿童的死亡率尤其高。沙万特的婴儿死亡率在巴西原住民中位居最高之列。结果表明，原住民正在经历一个复杂的健康转型过程。尽管传染病仍然是主要死因，但与慢性非传染性疾病和外部原因（包括暴力）相关的死亡在沙万特中变得越来越普遍。作者强调，必须更加关注改善巴西原住民的健康和人口信息系统。
