Welch James R, Coimbra Carlos E A
Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
Cad Saude Publica. 2011 Jan;27(1):190-4. doi: 10.1590/s0102-311x2011000100020.
The objective of this note is to present preliminary results of an ongoing study of Xavánte perspectives regarding tuberculosis (TB) and their implications for treatment and control. Interviews conducted at the Pimentel Barbosa Indigenous Reserve, Mato Grosso State, Brazil, revealed multiple explanatory models for the illness. The Xavánte emphasize sorcery (simi'õ or abzé) and microbes as principal causes of TB. Accordingly, they not only make use of phytotherapies, but also follow the chemotherapy prescribed by biomedicine. Among the Xavánte, indigenous culture is not an impediment to the execution of measures indicated by the National Tuberculosis Control Program (PNCT), since it is not in conflict with biomedicine. To the contrary, the Xavánte demonstrate interest in medical tests, allow BCG vaccinations, show up for consultations, and follow the prescribed chemotherapy. As a counterpoint, local health services do not carry out or carry out incompletely important activities prescribed by the PNCT, compromising the priorities of early detection and adequate treatment of new cases of the disease.
本报告的目的是展示一项正在进行的关于沙万特人对结核病的看法及其对治疗和控制的影响的研究的初步结果。在巴西马托格罗索州皮门特尔·巴博萨印第安人保护区进行的访谈揭示了对该疾病的多种解释模型。沙万特人强调巫术（西米翁或阿贝泽）和微生物是结核病的主要病因。因此，他们不仅使用植物疗法，还遵循生物医学规定的化疗方法。在沙万特人中，本土文化并非国家结核病控制计划（PNCT）所指示措施实施的障碍，因为它与生物医学并不冲突。相反，沙万特人对医学检测表现出兴趣，允许接种卡介苗，前来咨询，并遵循规定的化疗方法。与之形成对比的是，当地卫生服务机构没有开展或未完全开展PNCT规定的重要活动，从而损害了该疾病新病例早期检测和充分治疗的优先事项。
