Müller C W, Otte D, Stübig T, Brand S, Oszwald M, Frink M, Krettek C, Haasper C
Unfallchirurgische Klinik, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, Hannover.
Z Orthop Unfall. 2010 Sep;148(5):573-8. doi: 10.1055/s-0030-1250034. Epub 2010 Jul 19.
Quads or all-terrain vehicles do not seem to play a major role either in traffic accidents or in hospital admissions in Germany. However, reports about spectacular quad crashes in the press are not that infrequent. In contrast, no scientific survey or study regarding the issue of quad crashes in Germany has been published so far. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the present incidence of quad crashes, accident circumstances and resulting injury patterns, and to discuss possible consequences.
At a level I trauma centre, data from accident and hospital records of quad drivers were analysed focusing on the following parameters: injury type, localisation and mechanism, treatment details, abbreviated injury scale (AIS) score, maximum AIS (MAIS) score, delta-v, collision speed, and other technical parameters. Comparisons to motorcycle accidents were performed. RESULT During a five-year period from 2005 to 2009, there were ten admissions of quad drivers out of around 11 000 emergency trauma patients (0.1 %). Five accidents had happened off-road, four were traffic accidents. Eight patients were male; the mean age was 30 years. The mean total hospital stay was 15 days; there was a mean of 1.5 stays per patients with 2.0 surgical procedures needed. One patient died, only two recovered fully. The accident research data bank revealed 14 cases of quad accidents out of 18 990 (0.1 %). The mean impact velocity was 35 km/h (motorcyclists 40.0 km/h). The most frequent injury mechanism was a collision with a car. The upper extremity was the predominant injured region (AIS 0.7), while it was the lower extremity for motorcyclists (AIS0.91). The maximum AIS were 1.4 in quad drivers and 1.49 in motorcyclists.
Although the absolute incidence of quad accidents in Germany is low, they pose a relatively high risk for severe injuries. Possible reasons are the comparatively low active and passive safety of quads as well as limited experience with quad driving and the "fun" aspect which might provoke risky driving behaviour. Larger series from the US report a high incidence of drug abuse among quad casualties as well as very limited use of helmets. In Germany, helmet usage has been mandatory since 2006. Possible additional measures to prevent a rise in quad accidents could be the total prohibition of alcohol consumption for quad drivers as well as special courses or driving licenses or an increase of the legal age for driving quads.
在德国，四轮全地形车在交通事故及因交通事故住院方面似乎都未扮演主要角色。然而，媒体上关于四轮全地形车惨烈撞车事故的报道却并不少见。相比之下，德国迄今尚未发表过关于四轮全地形车撞车事故问题的科学调查或研究。因此，本研究旨在评估当前四轮全地形车撞车事故的发生率、事故情形及由此导致的损伤类型，并探讨可能的后果。
在一家一级创伤中心，对四轮全地形车驾驶者的事故及医院记录数据进行分析，重点关注以下参数：损伤类型、部位及机制、治疗细节、简略损伤量表（AIS）评分、最高AIS（MAIS）评分、速度变化量、碰撞速度及其他技术参数。并与摩托车事故进行比较。
在2005年至2009年的五年期间，在约11000名急诊创伤患者中，有10名四轮全地形车驾驶者入院（0.1%）。5起事故发生在越野路段，4起为交通事故。8名患者为男性；平均年龄为30岁。平均住院总时长为15天；每位患者平均住院1.5次，需要进行2.0次外科手术。1名患者死亡，只有2名患者完全康复。事故研究数据库显示，在18990起事故中有14起四轮全地形车事故（0.1%）。平均碰撞速度为35千米/小时（摩托车驾驶者为40.0千米/小时）。最常见的损伤机制是与汽车相撞。上肢是主要受伤部位（AIS为0.7），而摩托车驾驶者的主要受伤部位是下肢（AIS为0.91）。四轮全地形车驾驶者的最高AIS为1.4，摩托车驾驶者为1.49。
尽管德国四轮全地形车事故的绝对发生率较低，但它们造成重伤的风险相对较高。可能的原因是四轮全地形车的主动和被动安全性相对较低，以及四轮全地形车驾驶经验有限，还有可能引发危险驾驶行为的“娱乐”因素。来自美国的更大规模系列报道显示，四轮全地形车事故伤亡者中药物滥用发生率较高，且头盔使用率极低。在德国，自2006年起佩戴头盔成为强制规定。预防四轮全地形车事故增加的可能额外措施包括全面禁止四轮全地形车驾驶者饮酒、开设特殊课程或颁发驾驶执照，或提高驾驶四轮全地形车的法定年龄。
