Jelaković Bojan, Vuković Ivana, Reiner Zeljko
Klinika za unutrasnje bolesti, Klinicki bolnicki centar Zagreb i Medicinskifakultet Sveujiligta u Zagrebu, Zagreb, Hrvatska.
Acta Med Croatica. 2010 May;64(2):105-10.
More than 25% of adult population worldwide and according to the EHUH study 37% of the adult population of Croatia have hypertension. In the last decades, a dramatic increase has been recorded in the prevalence of hypertension, and it is predicted that this trend will lead to an even higher prevalence in the near future. This could primarily be explained by strong influence of environmental factors. Many epidemiological and interventional studies have proved that high salt intake is one of the most important risk factors. High salt intake increases total peripheral vascular resistance, induces oxidative stress and inflammation, thus accelerating the atherosclerotic process. Independently of the effects on blood pressure, salt intake promotes left ventricular hypertrophy and microalbuminuria and increases the risk of stroke. Interventional studies have shown that salt intake reduction is associated with lower blood pressure and lower cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Reducing salt intake in daily meals should be the main measure in primary prevention of cardiovascular and renal diseases, and it should be repeatedly emphasized not only to hypertensive patients, but also to the population at large.
全球超过25%的成年人口患有高血压，根据EHUH研究，克罗地亚37%的成年人口患有高血压。在过去几十年中，高血压患病率急剧上升，预计这一趋势在不久的将来将导致更高的患病率。这主要可以由环境因素的强烈影响来解释。许多流行病学和干预性研究证明，高盐摄入是最重要的危险因素之一。高盐摄入会增加总外周血管阻力，引发氧化应激和炎症，从而加速动脉粥样硬化进程。除了对血压的影响外，盐摄入还会促进左心室肥厚和微量白蛋白尿，并增加中风风险。干预性研究表明，减少盐摄入与降低血压以及降低心血管疾病发病率和死亡率相关。在日常饮食中减少盐摄入应该是心血管和肾脏疾病一级预防的主要措施，不仅应该反复向高血压患者强调，也应该向广大人群强调。
