Lawrence Diana M, Kemp Brian M, Eshleman Jason, Jantz Richard L, Snow Meradeth, George Debra, Smith David Glenn
Forensic Analytical Sciences, Hayward, CA 94545, USA.
Hum Biol. 2010 Apr;82(2):157-78. doi: 10.3378/027.082.0203.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was extracted from skeletal remains excavated from three Arikara sites in South Dakota occupied between AD 1600 and 1832. The diagnostic markers of four mtDNA haplogroups to which most Native Americans belong (A, B, C, and D) were successfully identified in the extracts of 55 (87%) of the 63 samples studied. The frequencies of the four haplogroups were 42%, 29%, 22%, and 7%, respectively, and principal coordinates analysis and Fisher's exact tests were conducted to compare these haplogroup frequencies with those from other populations. Both analyses showed closer similarity among the Mohawk, Arikara, and Sioux populations than between any of these three and any other of the comparison populations. Portions of the first hypervariable segment (HVSI) of the mitochondrial genome were successfully amplified and sequenced for 42 of these 55 samples, and haplotype networks were constructed for two of the four haplogroups. The sharing of highly derived lineages suggests that some recent admixture of the Arikara with Algonquian-speaking and Siouan-speaking groups has occurred. The Arikara shared more ancient lineages with both Siouan and Cherokee populations than with any other population, consistent with the Macro-Siouan language hypothesis that Iroquoian, Siouan, and Caddoan languages share a relatively recent common ancestry.
线粒体DNA（mtDNA）是从南达科他州三个公元1600年至1832年有人居住的阿里卡拉遗址出土的骨骼遗骸中提取的。在所研究的63个样本中，有55个（87%）的提取物成功鉴定出了大多数美洲原住民所属的四个mtDNA单倍群（A、B、C和D）的诊断标记。这四个单倍群的频率分别为42%、29%、22%和7%，并进行了主坐标分析和费舍尔精确检验，以将这些单倍群频率与其他群体的频率进行比较。两种分析都表明，莫霍克族、阿里卡拉族和苏族群体之间的相似性比这三个群体中的任何一个与任何其他比较群体之间的相似性更高。对这55个样本中的42个成功扩增并测序了线粒体基因组的第一个高变区（HVSI）的部分，并为四个单倍群中的两个构建了单倍型网络。高度衍生谱系的共享表明，阿里卡拉族最近与说阿尔冈昆语和苏语的群体发生了一些混合。与任何其他群体相比，阿里卡拉族与苏族和切罗基族群体共享了更多古老的谱系，这与大苏语假说一致，即易洛魁语、苏语和卡多语有着相对较近的共同祖先。
