Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority, PO Box 55, N-1332, Østerås, Norway.
J Environ Radioact. 2011 May;102(5):430-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2010.06.016. Epub 2010 Jul 21.
Recent developments regarding environmental impact assessment methodologies for radioactivity have precipitated the need for information on levels of naturally occurring radionuclides within and transfer to wild flora and fauna. The objectives of this study were therefore to determine activity concentrations of the main dose forming radionuclides (210)Po and (210)Pb in biota from terrestrial ecosystems thus providing insight into the behaviour of these radioisotopes. Samples of soil, plants and animals were collected at Dovrefjell, Central Norway and Olkiluoto, Finland. Soil profiles from Dovrefjell exhibited an approximately exponential fall in (210)Pb activity concentrations from elevated levels in humus/surface soils to "supported" levels at depth. Activity concentrations of (210)Po in fauna (invertebrates, mammals, birds) ranged between 2 and 123 Bq kg(-1)d.w. and in plants and lichens between 20 and 138 Bq kg(-1)d.w. The results showed that soil humus is an important reservoir for (210)Po and (210)Pb and that fauna in close contact with this media may also exhibit elevated levels of (210)Po. Concentration ratios appear to have limited applicability with regards to prediction of activity concentrations of (210)Po in invertebrates and vertebrates. Biokinetic models may provide a tool to explore in a more mechanistic way the behaviour of (210)Po in this system.
放射性环境影响评价方法的最新进展促使人们需要了解内陆野生植物和动物体内天然存在的放射性核素水平及其向野生植物和动物体内的转移情况。因此，本研究的目的是确定来自陆地生态系统的生物群中主要剂量形成放射性核素（210）Po 和（210）Pb 的活度浓度，从而深入了解这些放射性同位素的行为。在挪威中部的多夫勒山和芬兰的奥尔基卢奥托采集了土壤、植物和动物样本。多夫勒山的土壤剖面显示，（210）Pb 的活度浓度从腐殖质/表土中的高浓度呈近似指数下降，到深处达到“支撑”水平。动物（无脊椎动物、哺乳动物、鸟类）体内（210）Po 的活度浓度在 2 到 123 Bq kg(-1)d.w.之间，植物和地衣体内（210）Po 的活度浓度在 20 到 138 Bq kg(-1)d.w.之间。结果表明，土壤腐殖质是（210）Po 和（210）Pb 的重要储存库，与这种介质密切接触的动物也可能表现出（210）Po 的高水平。浓度比在预测无脊椎动物和脊椎动物体内（210）Po 的活度浓度方面似乎应用有限。生物动力学模型可以提供一种工具，以更机械的方式探索（210）Po 在该系统中的行为。
