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发展中世界非性传播感染对青少年生长发育的负担

Burden of non-sexually transmitted infections on adolescent growth and development in the developing world.

作者信息

Di Pentima Cecilia

机构信息

Department of Pediatrics, Infectious Disease Division, Thomas Jefferson University, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, 1600 Rockland Road, Suite 3D-212, Wilmington, DE 19899, USA.

出版信息

Adolesc Med State Art Rev. 2009 Dec;20(3):930-48, x.

Abstract

A vast majority of children living in developing countries face their teen years following a childhood of malnutrition and limited access to education and health care. In this environment of disadvantages, exposure to old and reemerging infections become a significant determinant of their likelihood to overcome poverty: tuberculosis and its rapid progression during adolescence may anticipate a premature death; malaria, as well as its debilitating recurrent febrile episodes and anemia, is responsible for most of their lost time at school or work. Furthermore, the burden of anemia and malnutrition is aggravated by infestation with common intestinal worms such as with hookworms, Trichuris trichiura and Ascaris lumbricoides. These parasites compete for iron and nutrients and produce mucosal damage and inflammation causing anorexia and worsening the intake and absorption of their marginal diets. Other infections among the many neglected tropical infectious diseases, many others common to adolescents in developed countries, and some that could be controlled by access to vaccines, add scores against the physical and intellectual fitness of millions of teens in tropical developing countries.

摘要

绝大多数生活在发展中国家的儿童在经历了营养不良、受教育机会有限和医疗保健不足的童年后步入青少年时期。在这种不利环境下,接触旧有的和重新出现的感染成为他们摆脱贫困可能性的一个重要决定因素:结核病及其在青春期的快速发展可能预示着过早死亡;疟疾及其使人虚弱的反复发热发作和贫血,是他们在学校或工作中大部分时间损失的原因。此外,钩虫、鞭虫和蛔虫等常见肠道蠕虫感染加重了贫血和营养不良的负担。这些寄生虫争夺铁和营养物质,并造成粘膜损伤和炎症,导致厌食,使他们原本有限的饮食摄入和吸收情况恶化。许多被忽视的热带传染病中的其他感染、发达国家青少年中常见的许多其他感染,以及一些可以通过接种疫苗控制的感染,都对热带发展中国家数百万青少年的身体和智力健康造成了不利影响。

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