Kightlinger L K, Seed J R, Kightlinger M B
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599-7400, USA.
J Parasitol. 1995 Apr;81(2):159-69.
An epidemiological study of intestinal nematodes was conducted with 1,292 children, ranging from birth through 11 yr old, living in the Ranomafana rainforest of southeast Madagascar. Fecal examinations revealed prevalences of 78% for Ascaris lumbricoides, 38% for Trichuris trichiura, 16% for hookworm, and 0.4% for Schistosoma mansoni. Infection intensity was measured indirectly by fecal egg counts and directly by A. lumbricoides expulsion following treatment with pyrantel pamoate. The mean A. lumbricoides worm burden for children, 5-11 yr old, was 19.2 (SD 20.4) worms per child, with a median of 13 worms (n = 428). The distributions were overdispersed for all 3 nematodes. The age profiles showed a rapid acquisition of A. lumbricoides during infancy, increasing to 100% prevalence by age 10. After mebendazole anthelmintic treatment and a 12-mo reinfection period, the nematodes had rebounded to pretreatment prevalence and intensity levels. There was evidence for age-dependent predisposition of the children to infection intensity for each of the 3 nematodes. Dual species intensity correlation was consistently strong for A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura. The significantly higher prevalence and intensity of ascariasis in girls were thought to be related to exposure.
对生活在马达加斯加东南部拉努马法纳雨林地区、年龄从出生到11岁的1292名儿童进行了肠道线虫的流行病学研究。粪便检查结果显示，蛔虫的感染率为78%，鞭虫为38%，钩虫为16%，曼氏血吸虫为0.4%。感染强度通过粪便虫卵计数间接测量，通过使用噻嘧啶治疗后排出的蛔虫直接测量。5至11岁儿童的蛔虫平均虫负荷为每名儿童19.2条（标准差20.4），中位数为13条（n = 428）。这三种线虫的分布均呈过度分散。年龄分布情况显示，婴儿期蛔虫感染迅速增加，到10岁时感染率升至100%。在使用甲苯达唑进行驱虫治疗并经过12个月的再感染期后，线虫的感染率和感染强度回升至治疗前水平。有证据表明，这三种线虫中的每一种，儿童对其感染强度都存在年龄依赖性易感性。蛔虫和鞭虫的双重感染强度相关性一直很强。女孩蛔虫病的患病率和感染强度显著更高，被认为与接触有关。
