Leclercq C, Ferro-Luzzi A
WHO Collaborating Centre for Nutrition, National Institute of Nutrition, Rome, Italy.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 1991 Mar;45(3):151-9.
Total and domestic (discretionary) consumption of salt was assessed in a sample of 91 households, which were randomly selected in three areas of Italy characterized by different dietary habits. Total salt intake was estimated by the mean urinary sodium in four 24 h collections. Discretionary salt, added during the preparation of the meals or at the table, was assessed using a simplified protocol of the lithium marker technique. Total sodium excretion was 191 mmol/d, 160 mmol/d and 132 mmol/d in adult males, adult females and children respectively. Dietary sodium density was 15 mmol per MJ of energy in children and 19 mmol/MJ in adults. It was significantly lower in the area where the traditional consumption of unsalted bread persists. Discretionary sodium intake was 67 mmol/d in adult males and females and 43 mmol/d in children; equivalent respectively to 36 per cent, 39 per cent and 34 per cent of total sodium intake. No difference was found between urban and rural environments, whereas discretionary use of salt was higher in the lower social class. These findings have important nutrition policy implications for the lowering of salt intake in the general population.
在意大利三个饮食习惯不同的地区随机抽取了91户家庭，对其食盐的总消费量和家庭（可自由支配的）消费量进行了评估。通过收集四次24小时尿液中的钠含量均值来估算食盐总摄入量。使用简化的锂标记技术方案评估在烹饪过程中或餐桌上添加的可自由支配食盐量。成年男性、成年女性和儿童的钠排泄总量分别为191毫摩尔/天、160毫摩尔/天和132毫摩尔/天。儿童的膳食钠密度为每兆焦耳能量15毫摩尔，成人为19毫摩尔/兆焦耳。在仍保留食用无盐面包传统的地区，该数值显著较低。成年男性和女性的可自由支配钠摄入量为67毫摩尔/天，儿童为43毫摩尔/天；分别相当于钠总摄入量的36%、39%和34%。城乡环境之间未发现差异，而社会阶层较低者的食盐自由支配量更高。这些研究结果对降低普通人群的食盐摄入量具有重要的营养政策意义。
