使用锂标记盐法对新西兰 discretionary 盐摄入量中的钠摄入量进行量化。（注：这里“discretionary salt intake”不太明确准确中文术语，可根据具体医学领域进一步优化表述，比如“自由添加盐摄入量”等）

The quantification of sodium intake from discretionary salt intake in New Zealand using the lithium-tagged salt method.

作者信息

Wang Nan Xin, McLean Rachael M, Cameron Claire, Skeaff Sheila A

机构信息

Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.

Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.

出版信息

Front Nutr. 2023 Jan 19;9:1065710. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1065710. eCollection 2022.

DOI:10.3389/fnut.2022.1065710

PMID:36741993

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9893271/

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

Discretionary salt (added in cooking at home or at the table) is a source of sodium and iodine in New Zealand. The amount of discretionary salt consumed in a population has implications on policies regarding sodium and iodine. Sodium intake from discretionary salt intake has not been quantified in New Zealand. The aim of this study was to estimate the proportion of total sodium that comes from discretionary salt in adults using the lithium-tagged salt method.

METHODS

A total of 116 healthy adults, who were not pregnant or breastfeeding, regularly consume home-cooked meals and use salt during cooking or at the table, aged 18-40 years from Dunedin, New Zealand were recruited into the study. The study took place over a 9-day period. On Day 1, participants were asked to collect a baseline 24-h urine to establish their normal lithium output. From Day 2 to Day 8, normal discretionary salt was replaced with lithium-tagged salt. Between Day 6 and Day 8, participants collected another two 24-h urine samples. A 24-h dietary recall was conducted to coincide with each of the final two 24-h urine collections. Urinary sodium was analysed by Ion-Selective Electrode and urinary lithium and urinary iodine were analysed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. The 24-h dietary recall data was entered into Xyris FoodWorks 10. All statistical analysis were conducted using Stata 17.0.

RESULTS

A total of 109 participants with complete 24-h urine samples were included in the analysis. From the 24-h urine collections, the median urinary excretion of sodium and iodine was 3,222 mg/24 h (25th, 75th percentile: 2516, 3969) and 112 μg/24 h (82, 134). The median estimated sodium intake from discretionary salt was 13% (25th, 75th percentile: 7, 22) of the total sodium intake or 366 mg/24 h (25th, 75th percentile: 186, 705).

CONCLUSION

The total sodium intake was higher than the suggested dietary target of 2,000 mg/day. In this sample of healthy adults 18 to 40 years old, 13% of total sodium intake derived from discretionary salt. Discretionary salt is an additional source of iodine if iodised salt is used. Policies to reduce sodium intake is recommended to include a range of strategies to target discretionary and non-discretionary sources of salt and will need to take into account the contribution of iodine from discretionary salt intake.

摘要

引言

在新西兰， discretionary salt（在家烹饪或就餐时添加的盐）是钠和碘的一个来源。人群中 discretionary salt 的摄入量对有关钠和碘的政策有影响。在新西兰，尚未对 discretionary salt 摄入的钠量进行量化。本研究的目的是使用锂标记盐法估计成年人中来自 discretionary salt 的钠在总钠中所占的比例。

方法

总共招募了 116 名来自新西兰达尼丁的健康成年人，他们未怀孕或哺乳，经常在家做饭且在烹饪或就餐时使用盐，年龄在 18 至 40 岁之间。研究为期 9 天。在第 1 天，要求参与者收集一份基线 24 小时尿液样本以确定其正常的锂排出量。从第 2 天到第 8 天，将正常的 discretionary salt 替换为锂标记盐。在第 6 天到第 8 天之间，参与者又收集了另外两份 24 小时尿液样本。在最后两次 24 小时尿液收集的同时进行了一次 24 小时饮食回顾。通过离子选择电极分析尿钠，使用电感耦合等离子体质谱法分析尿锂和尿碘。将 24 小时饮食回顾数据输入 Xyris FoodWorks 10。所有统计分析均使用 Stata 17.0 进行。

结果

共有 109 名有完整 24 小时尿液样本的参与者纳入分析。从 24 小时尿液收集结果来看，钠和碘的尿排泄中位数分别为 3222 毫克/24 小时（第 25 百分位数、第 75 百分位数：2516、3969）和 112 微克/24 小时（82、134）。来自 discretionary salt 的估计钠摄入量中位数占总钠摄入量的 13%（第 25 百分位数、第 75 百分位数：7、22），即 366 毫克/24 小时（第 25 百分位数、第 75 百分位数：186、705）。

结论

总钠摄入量高于建议的每日饮食目标 2000 毫克。在这个 18 至 40 岁的健康成年人样本中，总钠摄入量的 13%来自 discretionary salt。如果使用加碘盐，discretionary salt 是碘的额外来源。建议减少钠摄入的政策应包括一系列针对 discretionary 和非 discretionary 盐来源的策略，并且需要考虑 discretionary salt 摄入中碘所做的贡献。