Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, The Neurological Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
Neurosurgery. 2010 Sep;67(3):799-809; discussion 809-10. doi: 10.1227/01.NEU.0000383135.92953.A3.
Although interest in the art of dissection and vivisection has waxed and waned throughout the ages, the past century has seen it accepted as commonplace in medical schools across the country. No other practice in medicine has contributed more to the understanding of neuroanatomy and the neurosciences as dissection of the human cadaver, the origins of which are widely documented to have been in Alexandrian Greece. This article chronicles the fascinating and often controversial use of dissection and vivisection in these fields through the ages, beginning with Herophilus of Alexandria, among the first systematic dissectors in the history of Western medicine. The authors comment on its role in the development of modern neurosurgery and conclude with remarks about use of this educational tool today in the United States.
尽管人们对解剖和活体解剖艺术的兴趣在不同时代有起有落，但过去一个世纪见证了它在全国医学院校中被普遍接受。在医学领域，没有其他实践能像解剖人体尸体那样对神经解剖学和神经科学的理解做出更大的贡献，而这种实践的起源可以追溯到亚历山大时期的希腊。本文通过历史上的一些例子，从亚历山大大帝时期的解剖学家希罗菲卢斯开始，追溯了在这些领域中，解剖和活体解剖的引人入胜且常常颇具争议的应用，这些例子涵盖了不同时代。作者对其在现代神经外科学发展中的作用进行了评论，并就当今美国如何使用这种教育工具发表了看法。
