School of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Information Technology, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia.
J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol. 2010 Nov;196(11):825-40. doi: 10.1007/s00359-010-0562-0. Epub 2010 Jul 28.
We studied the normal ocular development of the chick (Gallus gallus domesticus, White Leghorn) up to 15 days of age using both longitudinal and cross-sectional methods. The change in refractive error, corneal curvature and axial ocular distances were used to construct schematic eyes. Equations are presented which allow prediction of refractive error changes associated with changes in vitreous chamber depth. The mean refractive error was +3.2 D at hatching, which reduced by 66% over the first 3 days and stabilized by 11 days of age. The lens thickened and the anterior chamber deepened from hatching, but vitreal elongation and corneal flattening were delayed until after the first 3 days, suggesting that normal eye growth may be initially inhibited or inactive during an initial emmetropization period, and subsequently activated in response to myopic defocus arising from the continually expanding lens. Finally, when compared with published data on other chick strains, we find differences in the degree of hyperopia at hatching due to differences in lens thickness. However, the rate of ocular and vitreal expansion and the developmental changes in corneal power are similar, making the schematic eyes presented here generally applicable to different strains of chickens.
我们采用纵向和横截面方法研究了小鸡（Gallus gallus domesticus，白来航鸡）的正常眼部发育，直至 15 日龄。我们使用屈光不正、角膜曲率和眼轴距离的变化来构建示意图眼睛。提出了一些方程，可以预测与玻璃体腔深度变化相关的屈光不正变化。孵化时平均屈光度为+3.2D，前 3 天降低了 66%，11 天龄时稳定。晶状体从孵化开始变厚，前房变深，但玻璃体拉长和角膜变平直到第 3 天以后才出现，这表明正常的眼球生长可能在初始正视化期间最初受到抑制或不活跃，随后由于不断扩大的晶状体引起近视离焦而被激活。最后，与其他小鸡品系的已发表数据进行比较，我们发现由于晶状体厚度的差异，孵化时远视的程度存在差异。然而，眼和玻璃体扩张的速度以及角膜曲率的发育变化是相似的，使得这里呈现的示意图眼睛通常适用于不同的鸡品系。
