欧洲和意大利献血人群中人类免疫缺陷病毒感染的流行病学。
Epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus infection in blood donations in Europe and Italy.
机构信息
Centro Operativo AIDS, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy.
出版信息
Blood Transfus. 2010 Jul;8(3):178-85. doi: 10.2450/2009.0126-09.
BACKGROUND
The safety of blood with regards to transmission of infectious diseases is guaranteed by European laws that regulate both the selection of donors through pre-donation questionnaires and serological screening. However, variability in the epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in different countries and some differences in the selection of donors can influence the efficacy (with regards to the safety of blood) of these processes. In this study we compared the prevalence of HIV in blood donations in the three macro-areas of Europe and in various western European countries, analysed the criteria of selection and rewarding of donors in western European countries, and studied the trend in the prevalence of HIV in Italy from to 1995 and 2006.
METHODS
European data were derived from the European Centre for the Surveillance of HIV; Italian data were obtained from the Transfusion-Transmitted Infections Surveillance System and National and Regional Register of blood and plasma. The information on eligibility criteria and rewarding offered to donors was derived from international sources.
RESULTS
The prevalence of HIV in blood donations was highest in eastern Europe, followed by central Europe and western Europe. Among the western European countries, Spain, Italy and Israel had the highest prevalences; the prevalence was noted to be higher in countries which did not offer any rewarding to the donor. In Italy the prevalence of HIV was 3.8 cases per 100,000 donations in 2006 and increased between 1995 and 2006, both among donations from repeat donors and first time donors.
CONCLUSIONS
The data highlight the need to continue improving the selection of donors and the coverage of the surveillance systems for HIV infection in transfusion services.
背景
欧洲法律规范了献血者的选择，通过献血前问卷和血清学筛查来保障血液安全，防止传染病的传播。然而，不同国家人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染的流行病学特征存在差异，献血者选择标准也存在差异，这些因素可能会影响这些过程的效果（即血液的安全性）。本研究比较了欧洲三个大区和部分西欧国家的献血人群中 HIV 的流行率，分析了西欧国家献血者选择和奖励的标准，并研究了意大利从 1995 年到 2006 年 HIV 流行率的变化趋势。
方法
欧洲的数据来源于欧洲艾滋病监测中心；意大利的数据来源于输血传播感染监测系统和全国及地区血液和血浆登记处。关于献血者合格标准和奖励的信息来源于国际资源。
结果
欧洲献血人群中 HIV 的流行率以东欧最高，其次是中欧和西欧。在西欧国家中，西班牙、意大利和以色列的流行率最高；不向献血者提供任何奖励的国家流行率更高。意大利 2006 年每 100000 份献血样本中 HIV 的流行率为 3.8 例，并且 1995 年至 2006 年间，无论是重复献血者还是初次献血者，HIV 的流行率均呈上升趋势。
结论
数据表明，有必要继续改进献血者的选择标准，并提高输血服务中 HIV 感染监测系统的覆盖面。
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