Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA.
Ethn Health. 2010 Oct;15(5):531-47. doi: 10.1080/13557858.2010.496479.
To examine all-cause mortality differentials among New Zealand's (NZ) immigrant population. Unlike other studies that use the total non-migrant population as the reference group, we use NZ-born populations of the same ethnic group for comparison purposes. Our study intends to answer two questions: first, do immigrants have a mortality advantage relative to their NZ-born counterparts of the same ethnicity? Second, does an immigrant mortality advantage, if one exists, decline as duration of residence increases?
Data from the New Zealand Census-Mortality Study from 1996-1999 and 2001-2004 were used. The main variable of interest, years of residence in NZ, was classified as living in NZ for less than 5, 5-9, 10-19, 20-34, 35 or more years, and born in NZ. Three main ethnic groups were examined, such as Asian, Pacific, and European/Other. Mortality rates for subgroups within these broad ethnic groups were not calculated. Negative binomial models controlled for socioeconomic and demographic factors to assess the independent effect of duration of residence on mortality.
European/Other and Asian immigrants have a mortality advantage relative to their NZ-born counterparts, which declines as length of residence increases. Within strata of duration of residence, there are few differences between European/Other and Asian mortality. Pacific immigrants showed no statistically significant mortality advantage relative to the NZ-born Pacific people, and had higher mortality rates than Europeans/Others or Asians regardless of duration in NZ.
Findings from our study are consistent with international literature. Both the healthy migrant effect and acculturation may be responsible for the protective mortality effect among Asians and Europeans/Others that erodes over time. However, our results for the Pacific population suggest some migrant groups come to the host country with a health disadvantage and with no apparent healthy migrant effect.
研究新西兰（NZ）移民人群的全因死亡率差异。与其他使用全部非移民人口作为参照组的研究不同，我们使用具有相同族裔的 NZ 本地出生人口进行比较。本研究旨在回答两个问题：第一，移民是否比具有相同族裔的 NZ 本地出生人群具有更低的死亡率？第二，如果存在移民死亡率优势，这种优势是否会随着居住时间的增加而降低？
本研究使用了 1996-1999 年和 2001-2004 年的新西兰人口普查死亡率研究的数据。主要关注的变量是在 NZ 的居住年限，分为少于 5 年、5-9 年、10-19 年、20-34 年和 35 年或以上，以及出生在 NZ。我们检查了三个主要的族裔群体，即亚洲人、太平洋岛民和欧洲/其他族裔。没有计算这些广泛族裔群体内的亚组死亡率。负二项回归模型控制了社会经济和人口统计学因素，以评估居住年限对死亡率的独立影响。
欧洲/其他族裔和亚洲移民比具有相同族裔的 NZ 本地出生人群具有更低的死亡率，这种优势随着居住时间的增加而降低。在居住年限的各个层次中，欧洲/其他族裔和亚洲族裔的死亡率差异不大。太平洋岛民与具有相同族裔的 NZ 本地出生的太平洋岛民相比，没有统计学上显著的死亡率优势，并且无论在 NZ 的居住时间长短，他们的死亡率都高于欧洲/其他族裔或亚洲人。
我们的研究结果与国际文献一致。健康移民效应和文化适应可能是导致亚洲人和欧洲/其他族裔具有保护性死亡率效应的原因，这种效应随着时间的推移而逐渐减弱。然而，我们对太平洋岛民群体的研究结果表明，一些移民群体来到东道国时就处于健康劣势，并且没有明显的健康移民效应。
