Agrawal Smriti M, Yong V Wee
Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Clnical Neurosciences and Oncology, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Biochim Biophys Acta. 2011 Feb;1812(2):213-9. doi: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2010.07.018. Epub 2010 Jul 30.
The central nervous system (CNS) is a relatively immune-privileged organ, wherein a well-instated barrier system (the blood-brain barrier) prevents the entry of blood cells into the brain with the exception of regular immune surveillance cells. Despite this tight security immune cells are successful in entering the CNS tissue where they result in states of neuroinflammation, tissue damage and cell death. Various components of the blood-brain barrier and infiltrating cells have been examined to better understand how blood cells are able to breach this secure barrier. Proteases, specifically matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), have been found to be the common culprits in most diseases involving neuroinflammation. MMPs secreted by infiltrating cells act specifically upon targets on various components of the blood-brain barrier, compromising this barrier and allowing cell infiltration into the CNS. Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) is an upstream inducer of several MMPs and is suggested to be the master regulator of MMP production in disease states such as cancer metastasis. EMMPRIN in the context of the CNS is still relatively understudied. In this review we will introduce EMMPRIN, discuss its ligands and roles in non-CNS conditions that can help implicate its involvement in CNS disorders, showcase its expression within the CNS in healthy and disease conditions, elucidate its ligands and receptors, and briefly discuss the emerging roles it plays in various diseases of the CNS involving inflammation.
中枢神经系统（CNS）是一个相对具有免疫特权的器官，其中一个完善的屏障系统（血脑屏障）可防止血细胞进入大脑，但常规免疫监视细胞除外。尽管有这种严密的保护，免疫细胞仍能成功进入中枢神经系统组织，导致神经炎症、组织损伤和细胞死亡。人们已经对血脑屏障的各种成分和浸润细胞进行了研究，以更好地了解血细胞是如何突破这一安全屏障的。蛋白酶，特别是基质金属蛋白酶（MMP），已被发现在大多数涉及神经炎症的疾病中是罪魁祸首。浸润细胞分泌的MMP特异性作用于血脑屏障各种成分上的靶点，破坏这一屏障，使细胞得以浸润进入中枢神经系统。细胞外基质金属蛋白酶诱导剂（EMMPRIN）是几种MMP的上游诱导剂，被认为是癌症转移等疾病状态下MMP产生的主要调节因子。在中枢神经系统背景下，EMMPRIN的研究仍相对较少。在这篇综述中，我们将介绍EMMPRIN，讨论其配体以及在非中枢神经系统疾病中的作用，这些作用有助于说明其与中枢神经系统疾病的关联，展示其在健康和疾病状态下中枢神经系统中的表达，阐明其配体和受体，并简要讨论它在涉及炎症的各种中枢神经系统疾病中所起的新作用。
