青少年物质使用障碍的药物治疗。

Pharmacotherapies for adolescent substance use disorders.

机构信息

Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University South Alabama College of Medicine, AL, USA.

出版信息

Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2010 Jul;19(3):591-608. doi: 10.1016/j.chc.2010.03.010.

DOI:10.1016/j.chc.2010.03.010

PMID:20682223

Abstract

There is a paucity of research on pharmacotherapies in adolescents with substance use disorders. This paucity is partly because of the fact that most people with substance dependence do not get diagnosed until early adulthood, that is, after 18 years of age. This article reviews pharmacotherapies used for aversion, substitution, anti-craving, and detoxification of alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, and opioids dependence. Adult research is referenced when applicable and generalized to adolescents with caution. Continued evaluation and development of pharmacotherapy for youth in controlled studies are needed to examine medication effectiveness, safety, potential for abuse, compliance, and potential interactions with other medications or substances of abuse.

摘要

关于物质使用障碍青少年的药物治疗研究甚少。造成这种情况的部分原因是，大多数物质依赖患者直到成年早期（即 18 岁以后）才被诊断出来。本文综述了用于治疗酒精、尼古丁、可卡因和阿片类药物依赖的厌恶疗法、替代疗法、抗渴求疗法和解毒疗法。在适用的情况下，参考成人研究，并谨慎推广到青少年。需要在对照研究中继续评估和开发针对青少年的药物治疗，以检验药物的有效性、安全性、滥用潜力、依从性以及与其他药物或滥用物质的潜在相互作用。