Addiction pharmacotherapy 2000: new options, new challenges.

There are many indicators that substance abuse research and treatment are going to become better integrated. Hopefully, this development will produce new treatment options and will improve access and effectiveness of care. Among the most significant factors in this period of change are the advances in addiction pharmacotherapy. For the treatment of alcoholism, disulfiram has been joined by naltrexone, and soon acamprosate will be added to the list of available pharmacotherapies. Individuals with opiate dependence who, for 25 years, were limited to a single medication (methadone) now have LAAM as an available treatment. Furthermore, there is eager anticipation that buprenorphine/naloxone will bring many more opiate users into treatment since it appears that this medication will be available to doctors outside the traditional narcotics treatment program settings. Other opiate addiction treatment options, including sustained-release naltrexone and lofexidine, are in active development. The greatest area of challenge for pharmacotherapy research is the search for stimulant addiction medications. NIDA has extensive efforts underway to discover/develop medicines that can help in the treatment of cocaine and methamphetamine users. During the next decade, those who embrace these new treatments and integrate them into standard care will offer their patients the best chance for recovery.