Rawson R A, McCann M J, Hasson A J, Ling W
UCLA Integrated Substance Abuse Programs, Los Angeles, California 90025, USA.
J Psychoactive Drugs. 2000 Oct-Dec;32(4):371-8. doi: 10.1080/02791072.2000.10400238.
There are many indicators that substance abuse research and treatment are going to become better integrated. Hopefully, this development will produce new treatment options and will improve access and effectiveness of care. Among the most significant factors in this period of change are the advances in addiction pharmacotherapy. For the treatment of alcoholism, disulfiram has been joined by naltrexone, and soon acamprosate will be added to the list of available pharmacotherapies. Individuals with opiate dependence who, for 25 years, were limited to a single medication (methadone) now have LAAM as an available treatment. Furthermore, there is eager anticipation that buprenorphine/naloxone will bring many more opiate users into treatment since it appears that this medication will be available to doctors outside the traditional narcotics treatment program settings. Other opiate addiction treatment options, including sustained-release naltrexone and lofexidine, are in active development. The greatest area of challenge for pharmacotherapy research is the search for stimulant addiction medications. NIDA has extensive efforts underway to discover/develop medicines that can help in the treatment of cocaine and methamphetamine users. During the next decade, those who embrace these new treatments and integrate them into standard care will offer their patients the best chance for recovery.
有许多迹象表明，药物滥用研究与治疗将实现更好的整合。有望这一发展将产生新的治疗选择，并改善医疗服务的可及性和有效性。在这一变革时期，最重要的因素之一是成瘾药物治疗的进展。在酒精中毒治疗方面，纳曲酮已加入双硫仑的行列，很快阿坎酸也将被列入可用药物治疗清单。有阿片类药物依赖的个体，在长达25年的时间里只能使用单一药物（美沙酮），现在有长效美沙酮作为一种可用治疗方法。此外，人们热切期待丁丙诺啡/纳洛酮能让更多阿片类药物使用者接受治疗，因为这种药物似乎将可供传统麻醉品治疗项目以外的医生使用。其他阿片类药物成瘾治疗选择，包括缓释纳曲酮和洛非西定，也在积极研发中。药物治疗研究面临的最大挑战领域是寻找治疗兴奋剂成瘾的药物。美国国家药物滥用研究所正在进行广泛努力，以发现/开发有助于治疗可卡因和甲基苯丙胺使用者的药物。在未来十年，那些采用这些新治疗方法并将其纳入标准治疗的人，将为他们的患者提供最佳的康复机会。
