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西班牙中部的花粉谱与花粉过敏风险

Pollen spectrum and risk of pollen allergy in central Spain.

作者信息

Perez-Badia Rosa, Rapp Ana, Morales Celia, Sardinero Santiago, Galan Carmen, Garcia-Mozo Herminia

机构信息

University of Castilla-La Mancha, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Toledo, Spain.

出版信息

Ann Agric Environ Med. 2010;17(1):139-51.

Abstract

The present work analyses the airborne pollen dynamic of the atmosphere of Toledo (central Spain), a World Heritage Site and an important tourist city receiving over 2 millions of visitors every year. The airborne pollen spectrum, the annual dynamics of the most important taxa, the influence of meteorological variables and the risk of suffering pollen allergy are analysed. Results of the present work are compared to those obtained by similar studies in nearby regions. The average annual Pollen Index is 44,632 grains, where 70-90 percent is recorded during February-May. The pollen calendar includes 29 pollen types, in order of importance; Cupressaceae (23.3 percent of the total amount of pollen grains), Quercus (21.2 percent), and Poaceae and Olea (11.5 and 11.2 percent, respectively), are the main pollen producer taxa. From an allergological viewpoint, Toledo is a high-risk locality for the residents and tourist who visit the area, with a great number of days exceeding the allergy thresholds proposed by the Spanish Aerobiological Network (REA). The types triggering most allergic processes in Toledo citizens and tourists are Cupressaceae, Platanus, Olea, Poaceae, Urticaceae and Chenopodiaceae-Amaranthaceae. Allergic risk increases in 3 main periods: winter (January-March), with the main presence of the Cupressaceae type; spring, characterized by Poaceae, Olea, Platanus and Urticaceae pollen types; and, finally, late summer (August-September), characterized by Chenopodiaceae- Amaranthaceae pollen type, which are the main cause of allergies during these months.

摘要

本研究分析了西班牙中部世界遗产地及重要旅游城市托莱多的大气中空气传播花粉动态,该市每年接待游客超过200万。分析了空气传播花粉谱、最重要分类群的年度动态、气象变量的影响以及花粉过敏风险。将本研究结果与附近地区类似研究所得结果进行了比较。年平均花粉指数为44,632粒,其中70% - 90%记录于2月至5月。花粉日历包括29种花粉类型,按重要性排序;柏科(占花粉粒总量的23.3%)、栎属(21.2%)、禾本科和油橄榄属(分别为11.5%和11.2%)是主要的花粉产生分类群。从变应性学角度看,托莱多对当地居民和来访游客来说是高风险地区,有大量天数超过西班牙空气生物学网络(REA)提出的过敏阈值。在托莱多市民和游客中引发大多数过敏反应的花粉类型为柏科、悬铃木属、油橄榄属、禾本科、荨麻科以及藜科 - 苋科。过敏风险在3个主要时期增加:冬季(1月至3月),主要存在柏科花粉类型;春季,以禾本科、油橄榄属、悬铃木属和荨麻科花粉类型为特征;最后是夏末(8月至9月),以藜科 - 苋科花粉类型为特征,这些是这几个月过敏的主要原因。

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