Yan Xiaoyong, Calafat Antonia, Lashley Susan, Smulian John, Ananth Cande, Barr Dana, Silva Manori, Ledoux Thomas, Hore Paromita, Robson Mark G
Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey/UMDNJ, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
Hum Ecol Risk Assess. 2009 May 1;15(3):565-578. doi: 10.1080/10807030902892554.
Phthalates are known reproductive and developmental toxicants in experimental animals. However, in humans, there are few data on the exposure of pregnant women that can be used to assess the potential developmental exposure experienced by the fetus. We measured several phthalate metabolites in maternal urine, maternal serum, and cord serum samples collected at the time of delivery from 150 pregnant women from central New Jersey. The urinary concentrations of most metabolites were comparable to or less than among the U.S. general population, except for mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), and mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP), three metabolites of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). The median urinary concentrations of MEHHP (109 mug/l) and MEOHP (95.1 mug/l) were more than 5 times their population-based concentrations, whereas the median urinary concentration of MEHP was more than 20 times higher. High concentration of MEHP may indicate a recent exposure to the parent chemical DEHP in the hospital shortly before the collection of the samples. Calculation of daily intakes using the urinary biomarker data reveals that none of the pregnant women tested had integrated exposures to DEHP greater than the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry's minimal risk levels (MRLs chronic 60, intermediate 100 mug/kg/day). No abnormal birth outcomes (e .g., birth weight, Apgar Score, and gestational age) were noted in those newborns whose mothers had relatively greater exposure to DEHP during the perinatal period than others in this study. Significantly greater concentrations and detection frequencies in maternal urine than in maternal serum and cord serum suggest that the urinary concentrations of the phthalate metabolites may be more reliable biomarkers of exposure than their concentrations in other biological specimens.
邻苯二甲酸盐在实验动物中是已知的生殖和发育毒性物质。然而，在人类中，关于孕妇暴露情况的数据很少，无法用于评估胎儿可能经历的发育暴露。我们测量了新泽西州中部150名孕妇分娩时采集的母体尿液、母体血清和脐带血清样本中的几种邻苯二甲酸盐代谢物。除了邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯（DEHP）的三种代谢物邻苯二甲酸单（2-乙基己基）酯（MEHP）、邻苯二甲酸单（2-乙基-5-羟基己基）酯（MEHHP）和邻苯二甲酸单（2-乙基-5-氧代己基）酯（MEOHP）外，大多数代谢物的尿液浓度与美国普通人群相当或更低。MEHHP（109微克/升）和MEOHP（95.1微克/升）的尿液中位数浓度比基于人群的浓度高出5倍以上，而MEHP的尿液中位数浓度则高出20倍以上。高浓度的MEHP可能表明在样本采集前不久在医院近期接触了母体化学物质DEHP。使用尿液生物标志物数据计算每日摄入量表明，所测试的孕妇中没有一人的DEHP综合暴露量超过有毒物质和疾病登记局的最低风险水平（慢性60、中间100微克/千克/天）。在本研究中，那些母亲在围产期比其他人接触DEHP相对更多的新生儿中，未发现异常出生结局（如出生体重、阿氏评分和胎龄）。母体尿液中的浓度和检测频率明显高于母体血清和脐带血清，这表明邻苯二甲酸盐代谢物的尿液浓度可能比其他生物样本中的浓度更可靠地反映暴露情况。
