Physics Department E15, TU München, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
Sci Total Environ. 2010 Oct 1;408(21):5052-64. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.07.015. Epub 2010 Aug 7.
Wet and, to a lesser extent, dry deposition of atmospheric (129)I are known to represent the dominating processes responsible for (129)I in continental environmental samples that are remote from (129)I sources and not directly influenced by any liquid (129)I release of nuclear installations. Up to now, however, little is known about the major emitters and the related global deposition pattern of (129)I. In this work an overview over major sources of (129)I is given, and hitherto unknown time-dependent releases from these were estimated. Total gaseous (129)I releases from the US and former Soviet reprocessing facilities Hanford, Savannah River, Mayak, Seversk and Zheleznogorsk were found to have been 0.53, 0.27, 1.05, 0.23 and 0.14TBq, respectively. These facilities were thus identified as major airborne (129)I emitters. The global deposition pattern due to the (129)I released, depending on geographic latitude and longitude, and on time was studied using a box model describing the global atmospheric transport and deposition of (129)I. The model predictions are compared to (129)I concentrations measured by means of Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) in water samples that were collected from various lakes in Asia, Africa, America and New Zealand, and to published values. As a result, both pattern and temporal evolution of (129)I deposition values measured in and calculated for different types of environmental samples are, in general, in good agreement. This supports our estimate on atmospheric (129)I releases and the considered substantial transport and deposition mechanisms in our model calculations.
大气（129）I 的湿沉降和在较小程度上的干沉降已知是导致远离（129）I 源且不受任何核设施液体（129）I 释放直接影响的大陆环境样品中（129）I 的主要过程。然而，迄今为止，人们对（129）I 的主要排放源及其相关的全球沉积模式知之甚少。在这项工作中，给出了（129）I 的主要来源概述，并对这些来源的迄今为止未知的时变释放进行了估计。美国和前苏联后处理设施汉福德、萨凡纳河、马雅克、谢韦尔斯克和哲列兹诺戈尔斯克的总气态（129）I 释放量分别为 0.53、0.27、1.05、0.23 和 0.14TBq。这些设施因此被确定为主要的空气传播（129）I 排放源。使用描述（129）I 在全球大气中的传输和沉积的箱式模型，研究了由于（129）I 释放而导致的全球沉积模式，具体取决于地理位置的纬度和经度以及时间。将模型预测与通过加速器质谱法（AMS）在亚洲、非洲、美洲和新西兰的各种湖泊中收集的水样中测量的（129）I 浓度以及已发表的值进行了比较。结果，在不同类型的环境样品中测量和计算的（129）I 沉积值的模式和时间演变总体上是一致的。这支持了我们对大气（129）I 释放的估计以及我们模型计算中考虑的大量传输和沉积机制。
