Laboratory for Immunohistochemistry and Immunopathology, Centre for Immune Regulation, Department and Institute of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2010 Nov;26(6):554-63. doi: 10.1097/MOG.0b013e32833dccf8.
To review recent findings dealing with the involvement of mucosal immunoglobulin A (IgA) in the gut barrier function and various gastrointestinal diseases. New information will be discussed in the context of previous knowledge in this field.
The epithelial barrier function seems to be central in many mucosal disorders because it is decisive for host-microbial interactions and penetration of soluble antigens into the lamina propria. Secretory IgA contributes to the barrier function and recent evidence strongly supports the notion that such antibodies are involved in immunological homeostasis.
Inflammatory bowel disease involves a break of tolerance to the commensal microbiota. Aberrations in the mucosal IgA system may, therefore, be part of the inflammatory bowel disease pathogenesis. In gluten-induced enteropathy, however, it has been suggested that a mucosal IgA response may promote the progression of celiac disease and dermatitis herpetiformis by enhancing the uptake of gluten peptides and inhibiting the enzyme activity of tissue transglutaminase. A mucosal IgA response may also promote gastritis by protecting Helicobacter pylori from complement attack. In food allergy, several facets of the epithelial barrier function may show deficiency, including secretory IgA.
本文旨在综述黏膜免疫球蛋白 A（IgA）在肠道屏障功能和各种胃肠道疾病中的作用的最新研究进展。新的信息将结合该领域的先前知识进行讨论。
上皮屏障功能似乎在许多黏膜疾病中都很重要，因为它对宿主-微生物相互作用和可溶性抗原穿透至固有层起决定性作用。分泌型 IgA 有助于屏障功能，最近的证据有力地支持了这样一种观点，即这些抗体参与了免疫稳态。
炎症性肠病涉及对共生微生物菌群的耐受性丧失。因此，黏膜 IgA 系统的异常可能是炎症性肠病发病机制的一部分。然而，在麸质诱导的肠病中，有人提出黏膜 IgA 反应可能通过增强对麸质肽的摄取和抑制组织转谷氨酰胺酶的酶活性，促进乳糜泻和疱疹样皮炎的进展。黏膜 IgA 反应也可能通过保护幽门螺杆菌免受补体攻击来促进胃炎。在食物过敏中，上皮屏障功能的几个方面可能存在缺陷，包括分泌型 IgA。
