Arnetz B B, Raymond L W, Nicolich M J, Vargo L
Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
Arch Environ Health. 1991 Jul-Aug;46(4):237-48. doi: 10.1080/00039896.1991.9937455.
This is a study of a dynamic cohort of 13 250 commercial research and development personnel for whom information on occupational and educational background and smoking was available. Their age-, sex-, race-, and period-adjusted death rates were compared with New Jersey rates and with an internal comparison population. The overall results were favorable. The study groups had significantly fewer deaths from most major disease categories compared with other New Jersey residents. Among white male scientists and engineers, age-adjusted overall mortality and ischemic heart disease mortality were comparable to white male managers and support staff studied, whereas mortality from leukemia and lymphatic cancer was significantly elevated. Mechanics, however, had a significantly lower leukemia and lymphatic cancer mortality rate than did the comparison group. In a Poisson regression model in which white males and females from the study population were used, and for which the effects of age, smoking, college education category, period of hire, and years employed were controlled, scientists, engineers, and research technicians had elevated (nonsignificantly) mortality rates for leukemia and lymphatic cancer compared with managers and support staff. Smoking was an independent risk factor for leukemia and lymphatic cancer. Further work is needed to assess if specific environmental factors, such as benzene, other aromatics, radiation, medical treatment, and smoking habits, might have contributed to the above findings.
这是一项针对13250名商业研发人员的动态队列研究，这些人员的职业、教育背景和吸烟信息均有记录。将他们经年龄、性别、种族和时期调整后的死亡率与新泽西州的死亡率以及一个内部对照人群进行了比较。总体结果是良好的。与新泽西州的其他居民相比，研究组因大多数主要疾病类别导致的死亡人数明显较少。在白人男性科学家和工程师中，经年龄调整后的总体死亡率和缺血性心脏病死亡率与所研究的白人男性经理和辅助人员相当，而白血病和淋巴癌的死亡率则显著升高。然而，机械师的白血病和淋巴癌死亡率明显低于对照组。在一个泊松回归模型中，使用了研究人群中的白人男性和女性，并控制了年龄、吸烟、大学教育类别、入职时间和工作年限的影响，结果发现科学家、工程师和研究技术人员与经理和辅助人员相比，白血病和淋巴癌的死亡率有所升高（但不显著）。吸烟是白血病和淋巴癌的一个独立风险因素。需要进一步开展工作，以评估特定的环境因素，如苯、其他芳烃、辐射、医疗治疗和吸烟习惯等，是否可能导致了上述结果。
