Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
Psychiatry Res. 2011 Nov 30;190(1):18-22. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2010.07.016. Epub 2010 Aug 8.
Research suggests that many with schizophrenia experience a range of deficits in metacognition including difficulties recognizing the emotions and intentions of others as well as reflecting upon and questioning their own thinking. Unclear, however, is the extent to which these deficits are stable over time, how closely related they are to one another and whether their associations with core aspects of the disorder such as disorganization symptoms are stable over time. To explore this issue, we administered three assessments of Theory of Mind (ToM), the Beck Cognitive Insight Scale (BCIS), and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale at baseline and 6 months to 36 participants with schizophrenia. Correlations revealed the ToM and BCIS scores were stable across the two test administrations and that the ToM tests were closely linked to each other but not to the BCIS. Poorer baseline performance on the ToM tests and the Self-Certainty scale of the BCIS were linked to greater cognitive symptoms at baseline and follow-up, while greater Self-Reflectivity on the BCIS was linked to greater levels of emotional distress at both baseline and 6-month follow-up. Results are consistent with assertions that deficits in metacognition are a stable feature of schizophrenia.
研究表明，许多精神分裂症患者在元认知方面存在一系列缺陷，包括难以识别他人的情绪和意图，以及反思和质疑自己的思维。然而，这些缺陷在多大程度上是稳定的，它们之间的关系有多密切，以及它们与紊乱症状等核心方面的关联是否随着时间的推移而稳定，这些都还不清楚。为了探讨这个问题，我们在基线和 6 个月时对 36 名精神分裂症患者进行了三次心理理论（ToM）、贝克认知洞察力量表（BCIS）和阳性和阴性症状量表的评估。相关性分析显示，ToM 和 BCIS 分数在两次测试中是稳定的，而且 ToM 测试彼此密切相关，但与 BCIS 无关。在 ToM 测试和 BCIS 的自我确信量表上的基线表现较差与基线和随访时的认知症状更严重有关，而在 BCIS 上的自我反思性更高与基线和 6 个月随访时的情绪困扰程度更高有关。研究结果与元认知缺陷是精神分裂症的一个稳定特征的说法一致。
