Laboratory for Human Performance Research, Osaka International University, Moriguchi, Osaka, Japan.
Exp Physiol. 2010 Oct;95(10):1026-32. doi: 10.1113/expphysiol.2010.053710. Epub 2010 Aug 9.
We assessed sex differences in the sweat gland response to changes in exercise intensity with respect to subjects' physical training status. In total, 37 subjects participated (10 trained and 10 untrained females, and 8 trained and 9 untrained males). Each subject cycled continuously at 35, 50 and 65% of their maximal O(2) uptake (V(O2max)) for 60 min at an ambient temperature of 30°C and a relative humidity of 45%. The mean local sweating rate (SR) on the forehead, chest, back, forearm and thigh was significantly greater in the trained subjects than in the untrained subjects of both sexes. The degree of the increase in SR with physical training was greater in males than in females at higher levels of exercise intensity. This increase in SR depended primarily on an increase in the sweat output per gland (SGO) in both sexes. However, control of the SR increase with increasing exercise intensity was altered by training in females, i.e. the increase in SR from exercise at 50 to 65% V(O2max) depended only on an increase in SGO in trained females and males and untrained males, but it depended on increases in activated sweat glands and the SGO in untrained females. It was concluded that training improved the sweating response, and a sex difference was observed in the degree of improvement in the sweating response due to physical training. This sex difference became more pronounced with increasing exercise intensity. A sex difference was observed in the control of sweating rate to an increase in exercise intensity, i.e. the maximal activated sweat gland responses of untrained females required a higher body temperature or work intensity than the other groups.
我们评估了运动强度变化对汗腺反应的性别差异，同时考虑了受试者的身体训练状态。共有 37 名受试者参与（10 名训练有素的女性和 10 名未经训练的女性，以及 8 名训练有素的男性和 9 名未经训练的男性）。每个受试者在环境温度为 30°C 和相对湿度为 45%的情况下，以 35%、50%和 65%的最大摄氧量（V(O2max)）持续骑行 60 分钟。前额、胸部、背部、前臂和大腿的平均局部出汗率（SR）在训练有素的受试者中明显高于未经训练的男女受试者。随着运动强度的增加，SR 的增加程度在男性中大于女性。这种 SR 的增加主要取决于每个腺体的汗液输出（SGO）的增加，在两性中均如此。然而，在较高的运动强度下，训练对 SR 增加的控制在女性中发生改变，即从 50%到 65% V(O2max)的运动引起的 SR 增加仅取决于训练有素的女性和男性以及未经训练的男性的 SGO 增加，而在未经训练的女性中，它取决于激活的汗腺和 SGO 的增加。研究结论为，训练改善了出汗反应，并且在由于身体训练而导致出汗反应改善的程度上观察到了性别差异。这种性别差异随着运动强度的增加而变得更加明显。在控制出汗率对运动强度增加的反应方面观察到了性别差异，即未经训练的女性最大激活汗腺反应所需的体温或工作强度高于其他组。
