Department of Environmental Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kohasu, Okocho, Nankoku-shi, Kochi, Japan.
J Occup Health. 2010;52(5):294-301. doi: 10.1539/joh.l10065. Epub 2010 Aug 6.
Occupational lung diseases have specific radiographic manifestations not always well known by physicians. In Japan, asbestos-related diseases became a public health concern after the "Kubota Shock", when a number of workers and residents living nearby a manufacturer of asbestos-made ducts developed mesothelioma caused by asbestos exposure. This preliminary intervention trial evaluated the effect of two-hour training on inexperienced physicians' skill in interpreting pneumoconiotic chest radiographs.
One hundred-two Japanese physicians participated in two reading-tests, using 12 radiographs, before and after the two-hour training with ILO/ICRP and Japan Pneumoconioses Study Group (JPSG) reading materials. Physicians had to check for the presence or absence of small opacity and pleural plaque consistent with pneumoconiosis. Sensitivity and specificity equal or greater than 70% were considered good, 50 to 69% acceptable and less than 50%, poor.
Post-training improvements in physicians' skills were seen. For small opacity, there was an increase in the proportion of physicians with good specificity, from 42% to 60%. For pleural plaque, the proportion of physicians with good specificity and good sensitivity increased, from 60% to 67% and from 18% to 25%, respectively. Also, significant improvements were observed in overall sensitivity for pleural plaque, from 46% to 60% (p<0.0001), and specificity for small opacity, from 65% to 73% (p<0.0001).
This study showed that two-hour participatory training may enhance physicians' skill in interpreting pneumoconiotic chest radiographs. There are countries without any pneumoconiosis screening program despite the WHO/ILO call for worldwide cooperation in eliminating it. Although the two-hour course cannot replace the five-day ILO workshop, such a program would be useful in areas with environmental or occupational exposure to dust.
职业性肺部疾病具有特定的影像学表现,而这些表现并不总是为医生所熟知。在日本,石棉相关疾病在“久保田震惊”之后成为公共卫生关注的焦点,当时许多在一家生产石棉制管道的制造商工作的工人和附近居民因接触石棉而患上间皮瘤。这项初步干预试验评估了对非经验丰富的医生进行两小时培训,以提高他们解读尘肺胸部 X 光片技能的效果。
102 名日本医生在使用国际劳工组织/国际辐射防护委员会和日本尘肺研究组(JPSG)阅读材料进行两小时培训前后,使用 12 张 X 光片参加了两次阅读测试。医生必须检查是否存在符合尘肺的小阴影和胸膜斑。敏感性和特异性均等于或大于 70%为良好,50 至 69%为可接受,小于 50%为差。
培训后医生技能有所提高。对于小阴影,特异性良好的医生比例从 42%增加到 60%。对于胸膜斑,特异性和敏感性良好的医生比例分别从 60%增加到 67%和从 18%增加到 25%。此外,胸膜斑的总体敏感性从 46%提高到 60%(p<0.0001),小阴影的特异性从 65%提高到 73%(p<0.0001),均有显著提高。
这项研究表明,两小时的参与式培训可以提高医生解读尘肺胸部 X 光片的技能。尽管世界卫生组织/国际劳工组织呼吁在全球范围内合作消除尘肺病,但仍有一些国家没有开展尘肺病筛查计划。虽然两小时的课程不能替代国际劳工组织为期五天的研讨会,但在存在环境或职业性粉尘暴露的地区,这样的课程将是有用的。