Mackley Amy B, Locke Robert G, Spear Michael L, Joseph Rachel
Division of Neonatology, Christiana Care Health Systems, Newark, DE 19713, USA.
Adv Neonatal Care. 2010 Aug;10(4):200-3. doi: 10.1097/ANC.0b013e3181e946f0.
To evaluate and compare the presence of perceived paternal stress and depressive symptomatology in fathers of preterm infants over time.
Fathers of NICU infants born before 30 weeks of gestation.
Prospective convenience sample.
Consenting fathers were given 2 self-report questionnaires: Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D) and Parent Stressor Scale: Infant Hospitalization (PSS:IH) on 7th (time 1), 21st (time 2), and 35th (time 3) days of life. Objective measurement of illness severity was quantified by Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology. Statistical methods included generalized linear estimating equation and mixed linear modeling.
Stress and depressive symptomatology in fathers of preterm infants.
Stress scores (PSS:IH) were unchanged over time (P = .62) indicating that fathers (n = 35) remain significantly stressed. Individual subcomponents of stress (parent role alteration, infant appearance/behavior, NICU sights/sounds) also remained constant over the study period (P = .05 for each). Stress scores over time were not modified by demographic characteristics (marriage, education, insurance). Mean depressive symptomatology scores (CES-D) decreased over time (P = .04). The percentage of fathers with elevated CES-D scores (>16) decreased from a baseline 60% but did not diminish between times 2 (39%) and 3 (36%). Parent Stressor Scale: Infant Hospitalization stress scores were correlated with CES-D depressive symptomatology scores (P < .01). Socioeconomic factors influenced initial CES-D scores, but only marriage ameliorated subsequent changes in measurements. Objective measurement of infant illness (Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology) did not influence paternal CES-D or PSS:IH scores.
Fathers of premature infants in a medical NICU demonstrated elevated levels of stress that persisted across time for all domains of measured stress. Paternal self-reported stress and depressive symptomatology was independent of infant illness. One third of fathers had persistently elevated CES-D scores. If these findings are representative of general NICU population, then the emotional needs of our fathers are not being fully addressed.
评估并比较早产婴儿父亲在一段时间内感知到的父性压力和抑郁症状的存在情况。
妊娠30周前在新生儿重症监护病房（NICU）出生婴儿的父亲。
前瞻性便利样本。
同意参与的父亲在婴儿出生第7天（时间1）、第21天（时间2）和第35天（时间3）填写两份自我报告问卷：流行病学研究中心抑郁量表（CES-D）和父母压力源量表：婴儿住院版（PSS:IH）。通过新生儿急性生理学评分对疾病严重程度进行客观测量。统计方法包括广义线性估计方程和混合线性模型。
早产婴儿父亲的压力和抑郁症状。
压力得分（PSS:IH）随时间未发生变化（P = 0.62），表明父亲（n = 35）的压力仍显著较高。压力的各个子成分（父母角色改变、婴儿外貌/行为、NICU的景象/声音）在研究期间也保持不变（每个子成分P = 0.05）。压力得分随时间的变化不受人口统计学特征（婚姻、教育、保险）的影响。平均抑郁症状得分（CES-D）随时间下降（P = 0.04）。CES-D得分升高（>16）的父亲比例从基线时的60%下降，但在时间2（39%）和时间3（36%）之间没有进一步降低。父母压力源量表：婴儿住院压力得分与CES-D抑郁症状得分相关（P < 0.01）。社会经济因素影响初始CES-D得分，但只有婚姻改善了后续测量的变化。婴儿疾病的客观测量（新生儿急性生理学评分）不影响父亲的CES-D或PSS:IH得分。
医疗NICU中早产婴儿的父亲表现出较高水平的压力，在所测量的压力的所有领域中这种压力都持续存在。父亲自我报告的压力和抑郁症状与婴儿疾病无关。三分之一的父亲CES-D得分持续升高。如果这些发现代表了一般NICU人群的情况，那么我们父亲的情感需求没有得到充分满足。
