Centre de Recherche Public Santé, Centre d'Etudes en Santé, Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg.
BMC Public Health. 2010 Aug 10;10:468. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-10-468.
The ORISCAV-LUX study is the first baseline survey of an on-going cardiovascular health monitoring programme in Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg. The main objectives of the present manuscript were 1) to describe the study design and conduct, and 2) to present the salient outcomes of the study, in particular the prevalence of the potentially modifiable and treatable cardiovascular disease risk factors in the adult population residing in Luxembourg.
ORISCAV-LUX is a cross-sectional study based on a random sample of 4496 subjects, stratified by gender, age categories and district, drawn from the national insurance registry of 18-69 years aged Luxembourg residents, assuming a response rate of 30% and a proportion of 5% of institutionalized subjects in each stratum. The cardiovascular health status was assessed by means of a self-administered questionnaire, clinical and anthropometric measures, as well as by blood, urine and hair examinations. The potentially modifiable and treatable risk factors studied included smoking, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and obesity. Both univariate and multivariate statistical analyses used weighted methods to account for the stratified sampling scheme.
A total of 1432 subjects took part in the survey, yielding a participation rate of 32.2%. This figure is higher than the minimal sample size of 1285 subjects as estimated by power calculation. The most predominant cardiovascular risk factors were dyslipidemia (69.9%), hypertension (34.5%), smoking (22.3%), and obesity (20.9%), while diabetes amounted 4.4%. All prevalence rates increased with age (except smoking) with marked gender differences (except diabetes). There was a significant difference in the prevalence of hypertension and of lipid disorders by geographic region of birth. The proportion of subjects cumulating two or more cardiovascular risk factors increased remarkably with age and was more predominant in men than in women (P<0.0001). Only 14.7% of men and 23.1% of women were free of any cardiovascular risk factor. High prevalence of non-treated CVRF, notably for hypertension and dyslipidemia, were observed in the study population.
The population-based ORISCAV-LUX survey revealed a high prevalence of potentially modifiable and treatable cardiovascular risk factors among apparently healthy subjects; significant gender and age-specific differences were seen not only for single but also for combined risk factors. From a public health perspective, these preliminary findings stress the urgent need for early routine health examinations, preventive interventions and lifestyle behavioural changes, even in young asymptomatic adults, to decrease cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in Luxembourg.
ORISCAV-LUX 研究是卢森堡正在进行的心血管健康监测计划的首个基线调查。本研究主要目的是：1）描述研究设计和实施情况；2）报告该研究的主要结果，特别是在卢森堡居住的成年人群中，潜在可改变和可治疗的心血管疾病危险因素的流行情况。
ORISCAV-LUX 是一项基于随机抽样的横断面研究，共纳入 4496 名年龄在 18-69 岁的卢森堡居民，根据性别、年龄组和地区进行分层，假设应答率为 30%，每个分层中 5%的人群为机构居住者。采用自填式问卷、临床和人体测量学指标，以及血液、尿液和头发检查来评估心血管健康状况。研究的潜在可改变和可治疗危险因素包括吸烟、高血压、血脂异常、糖尿病和肥胖。采用单变量和多变量统计分析方法，均采用加权方法来校正分层抽样方案。
共有 1432 名参与者参加了调查，应答率为 32.2%。这一数字高于根据功效计算估计的最低样本量 1285 名参与者。最主要的心血管危险因素包括血脂异常（69.9%）、高血压（34.5%）、吸烟（22.3%）和肥胖（20.9%），而糖尿病占 4.4%。所有患病率均随年龄增加（除吸烟外），且性别差异显著（除糖尿病外）。不同出生地的地理区域之间高血压和血脂异常的患病率存在显著差异。随着年龄的增长，累积两种或两种以上心血管危险因素的患者比例显著增加，且男性明显多于女性（P<0.0001）。无任何心血管危险因素的男性比例为 14.7%，女性比例为 23.1%。研究人群中高血压和血脂异常等潜在可改变的心血管危险因素的未治疗率较高。
基于人群的 ORISCAV-LUX 调查显示，在看似健康的人群中，潜在可改变和可治疗的心血管危险因素的患病率较高；不仅单一危险因素，而且多种危险因素均存在显著的性别和年龄特异性差异。从公共卫生的角度来看，这些初步发现强调了迫切需要在卢森堡开展早期常规健康检查、预防干预和生活方式行为改变，即使在年轻无症状的成年人中也是如此，以降低心血管发病率和死亡率。
