ETS Ingenieros Agrónomos, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Genet Sel Evol. 2010 Aug 11;42(1):33. doi: 10.1186/1297-9686-42-33.
Estimation of non-additive genetic effects in animal breeding is important because it increases the accuracy of breeding value prediction and the value of mate allocation procedures. With the advent of genomic selection these ideas should be revisited. The objective of this study was to quantify the efficiency of including dominance effects and practising mating allocation under a whole-genome evaluation scenario. Four strategies of selection, carried out during five generations, were compared by simulation techniques. In the first scenario (MS), individuals were selected based on their own phenotypic information. In the second (GSA), they were selected based on the prediction generated by the Bayes A method of whole-genome evaluation under an additive model. In the third (GSD), the model was expanded to include dominance effects. These three scenarios used random mating to construct future generations, whereas in the fourth one (GSD + MA), matings were optimized by simulated annealing. The advantage of GSD over GSA ranges from 9 to 14% of the expected response and, in addition, using mate allocation (GSD + MA) provides an additional response ranging from 6% to 22%. However, mate selection can improve the expected genetic response over random mating only in the first generation of selection. Furthermore, the efficiency of genomic selection is eroded after a few generations of selection, thus, a continued collection of phenotypic data and re-evaluation will be required.
动物育种中估计非加性遗传效应很重要，因为它可以提高育种值预测的准确性和配种程序的价值。随着基因组选择的出现，这些想法应该重新审视。本研究的目的是量化在全基因组评估情况下包含显性效应和实施配种分配的效率。通过模拟技术比较了四个选择策略，这些策略在五个世代中进行。在第一个方案（MS）中，个体根据自身的表型信息进行选择。在第二个方案（GSA）中，它们根据加性模型下全基因组评估的贝叶斯 A 方法生成的预测进行选择。在第三个方案（GSD）中，模型扩展到包括显性效应。这三个方案使用随机交配来构建后代，而在第四个方案（GSD + MA）中，交配通过模拟退火进行优化。GSD 比 GSA 的优势范围从预期响应的 9%到 14%，此外，使用配种（GSD + MA）可以提供从 6%到 22%的额外响应。然而，只有在选择的第一代，交配选择才能提高预期的遗传响应，超过随机交配。此外，基因组选择的效率在几代选择后会受到侵蚀，因此，需要继续收集表型数据并重新评估。
