Clinical Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany.
Biomark Med. 2010 Aug;4(4):505-22. doi: 10.2217/bmm.10.73.
Currently, decision-making for breast cancer treatment in the clinical setting is mainly based on clinical data, histomorphological features of the tumor tissue and a few cancer biomarkers such as steroid hormone receptor status (estrogen and progesterone receptors) and oncoprotein HER2 status. Although various therapeutic options were introduced into the clinic in recent decades, with the objective of improving surgery, radiotherapy, biochemotherapy and chemotherapy, varying response of individual patients to certain types of therapy and therapy resistance is still a challenge in breast cancer care. Therefore, since breast cancer treatment should be based on individual features of the patient and her tumor, tailored therapy should be an option by integrating cancer biomarkers to define patients at risk and to reliably predict their course of the disease and/or response to cancer therapy. Recently, candidate-marker approaches and genome-wide transcriptomic and epigenetic screening of different breast cancer tissues and bodily fluids resulted in new promising biomarker panels, allowing breast cancer prognosis, prediction of therapy response and monitoring of therapy efficacy. These biomarkers are now subject of validation in prospective clinical trials.
目前，临床中乳腺癌治疗的决策主要基于临床数据、肿瘤组织的组织形态学特征以及少数癌症生物标志物，如甾体激素受体状态（雌激素和孕激素受体）和癌蛋白 HER2 状态。尽管近几十年来引入了各种治疗选择，旨在改善手术、放疗、生物化疗和化疗，但个体患者对某些类型治疗的反应不同和治疗耐药性仍然是乳腺癌治疗中的一个挑战。因此，由于乳腺癌的治疗应基于患者及其肿瘤的个体特征，因此通过整合癌症生物标志物来定义有风险的患者，并可靠地预测其疾病过程和/或对癌症治疗的反应，靶向治疗应该是一种选择。最近，对不同乳腺癌组织和体液的候选标志物方法和全基因组转录组学和表观遗传学筛选产生了新的有前途的生物标志物组，从而能够预测乳腺癌的预后、预测治疗反应和监测治疗效果。这些生物标志物现在正在前瞻性临床试验中进行验证。
