Elad Yigal, David Dalia Rav, Harel Yael Meller, Borenshtein Menahem, Kalifa Hananel Ben, Silber Avner, Graber Ellen R
Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Institute of Plant Protection, The Volcani Center, Agriculture Research Organization, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel.
Phytopathology. 2010 Sep;100(9):913-21. doi: 10.1094/PHYTO-100-9-0913.
Biochar is the solid coproduct of biomass pyrolysis, a technique used for carbon-negative production of second-generation biofuels. The biochar can be applied as a soil amendment, where it permanently sequesters carbon from the atmosphere as well as improves soil tilth, nutrient retention, and crop productivity. In addition to its other benefits in soil, we found that soil-applied biochar induces systemic resistance to the foliar fungal pathogens Botrytis cinerea (gray mold) and Leveillula taurica (powdery mildew) on pepper and tomato and to the broad mite pest (Polyphagotarsonemus latus Banks) on pepper. Levels of 1 to 5% biochar in a soil and a coconut fiber-tuff potting medium were found to be significantly effective at suppressing both diseases in leaves of different ages. In long-term tests (105 days), pepper powdery mildew was significantly less severe in the biochar-treated plants than in the plants from the unamended controls although, during the final 25 days, the rate of disease development in the treatments and controls was similar. Possible biochar-related elicitors of systemic induced resistance are discussed.
生物炭是生物质热解的固体副产物，热解是一种用于第二代生物燃料碳负生产的技术。生物炭可作为土壤改良剂使用，它能将大气中的碳永久封存，还能改善土壤耕性、养分保持能力和作物生产力。除了在土壤方面的其他益处外，我们发现，土壤施用生物炭可诱导辣椒和番茄对叶部真菌病原体灰葡萄孢（灰霉病）和牛舌草内丝白粉菌（白粉病）以及辣椒对侧多食跗线螨害虫产生系统抗性。在土壤和椰糠-凝灰岩盆栽介质中添加1%至5%的生物炭，对抑制不同叶龄叶片上的这两种病害均有显著效果。在长期试验（105天）中，生物炭处理的植株上辣椒白粉病的严重程度明显低于未改良对照植株，不过在最后25天，处理组和对照组的病害发展速率相似。本文还讨论了可能与生物炭相关的系统诱导抗性激发子。
