Registered nurses and moral distress.

Nurses spend more time with patients at the end of life than any other member of the health care team, giving them early insight into futility-of-care issues for a particular patient. Providing futile care to dying patients is a well-known source of moral distress for nurses. Traditional ethical models are not always effective in dealing with these issues. The purpose of this article was to describe moral distress that is often experienced by nurses providing care to patients at the end of life and to propose the use of a model in dealing with associated ethical dilemmas in an effort to decrease the incidence of moral distress.