Blasco J M
Animal Health Unit CITA (Unidad de Sanidad Animal, Gobierno de Aragón) Zaragoza, Spain.
Prilozi. 2010;31(1):145-65.
To describe the various strategies for the control and eradication of B. melitensis infection in sheep and goats.
The advantages and drawbacks of these strategies are discussed on the basis of the author's personal experience and a revision of the relevant literature.
Vaccination programmes in various combinations can be applied either to decrease the prevalence of infection in the animal population or, when combined with adequate complementary eradication measures, to achieve a brucellosis-free status.
Controlling the disease should be the primary goal of the veterinary services involved. However, eradication should be the final objective of any control programme implemented. The selection of an eradication or control strategy is of paramount relevance, and a frequent cause of controversy among decision-makers. The final strategy should be established according to the quality of the veterinary services organisation, the economic resources available and the extent and prevalence of disease. Cooperation with farmers is essential to succeed with the application of even the most elementary control programme. When brucellosis is highly prevalent, mass (whole-flock) vaccination is the choice to control the disease, independently of the socioeconomic situation. Once effective control of the disease has been accomplished, its eradication is feasible. For successful eradication, the adequate quality and organisation of veterinary services, the strict control of animal movements and the provision of adequate economic compensation to affected farmers are compulsory. When the disease is fully eradicated, a surveillance strategy has to be implemented for the early detection of eventual new outbreaks or disease reintroduction.
描述控制和根除绵羊和山羊中布鲁氏菌感染的各种策略。
基于作者个人经验及相关文献综述，讨论这些策略的优缺点。
可采用多种组合的疫苗接种计划，以降低动物群体中的感染率，或者与适当的补充根除措施相结合，实现无布鲁氏菌病状态。
控制该疾病应是相关兽医服务的首要目标。然而，根除应是任何实施的控制计划的最终目的。选择根除或控制策略至关重要，且是决策者之间争议的常见原因。最终策略应根据兽医服务组织的质量、可用经济资源以及疾病的范围和流行程度来确定。与养殖户合作对于即使是最基本的控制计划的实施成功也至关重要。当布鲁氏菌病高度流行时，无论社会经济状况如何，群体（全群）疫苗接种都是控制该病的选择。一旦有效控制了该疾病，根除就是可行的。为成功根除，必须具备高质量且组织良好的兽医服务、严格控制动物流动以及向受影响养殖户提供足够的经济补偿。当疾病被完全根除后，必须实施监测策略以早期发现可能的新疫情或疾病再次传入。
