Centro VISAVET, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida Puerta de Hierro, s/n, PC 28040, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida Puerta de Hierro, s/n, PC 28040, Madrid, Spain.
Unit Prophylaxis and Control of Bacterial Zoonoses, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, PC 00161 Rome, Italy.
Vaccine. 2014 Apr 1;32(16):1877-81. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.01.070. Epub 2014 Feb 7.
In spite of its limitations, Rev.1 is currently recognized as the most suitable vaccine against Brucella melitensis (the causative agent of ovine and caprine brucellosis). However, its use is limited to young animals when test-and-slaughter programs are in place because of the occurrence of false positive-reactions due to Rev.1 vaccination. The B. melitensis B115 rough strain has demonstrated its efficacy against B. melitensis virulent strains in the mouse model, but there is a lack of information regarding its potential use in small ruminants for brucellosis control. Here, the safety and immune response elicited by B115 strain inoculation were evaluated in pregnant ewes vaccinated at their midpregnancy. Vaccinated (n=8) and non-vaccinated (n=3) sheep were periodically sampled and analyzed for the 108 days following inoculations using tests designed for the detection of the response elicited by the B115 strain and routine serological tests for brucellosis [Rose Bengal Test (RBT), Complement Fixation Test (CFT) and blocking ELISA (ELISAb)]. Five out of the 8 vaccinated animals aborted, indicating a significant abortifacient effect of B115 inoculation at midpregnancy. In addition, a smooth strain was recovered from one vaccinated animal, suggesting the occurrence of an in vivo reversion phenomenon. Only one animal was positive in both RBT and CFT simultaneously (91 days after vaccination) confirming the lack of induction of cross-reacting antibody responses interfering with routine brucellosis diagnostic tests in most B115-vaccinated animals.
尽管存在局限性，但 Rev.1 目前被认为是最适合预防布鲁氏菌（引起绵羊和山羊布鲁氏菌病的病原体）的疫苗。然而，由于 Rev.1 疫苗接种会导致假阳性反应，因此仅在实施检测和扑杀计划时，该疫苗才适用于年幼动物。B. melitensis B115 粗糙株已在小鼠模型中证明了其对 B. melitensis 毒力株的功效，但关于其在小反刍动物中用于布鲁氏菌病控制的潜在用途的信息却很少。在这里，评估了在妊娠中期接种 B115 菌株的怀孕母羊的安全性和免疫反应。接种（n=8）和未接种（n=3）的绵羊每隔一段时间进行采样，并在接种后 108 天内使用旨在检测 B115 菌株引起的反应的测试和布鲁氏菌病的常规血清学测试（孟加拉玫瑰红试验（RBT）、补体结合试验（CFT）和阻断 ELISA（ELISAb））进行分析。8 只接种动物中有 5 只流产，表明 B115 接种在妊娠中期具有明显的流产作用。此外，从一只接种动物中回收了一株光滑株，表明体内发生了回复突变现象。只有一只动物在 RBT 和 CFT 同时呈阳性（接种后 91 天），这证实了在大多数 B115 接种动物中，不会诱导交叉反应抗体反应干扰常规布鲁氏菌病诊断测试。
