Kaneda Toshiko, Zimmer Zachary, Fang Xianghua, Tang Zhe
Res Aging. 2009 May 1;31(3):361-388. doi: 10.1177/0164027508330725.
In this study, the authors focused on older adults in Beijing with three objectives: to examine gender differences in functional health and mortality at the end of a five-year study period, controlling for initial functional health; to determine the extent to which these differences were a function of exposure versus vulnerability to risk factors; and to analyze the relative importance of social, economic, and psychological risk factors in explaining gender differences. The results show that women were more likely to survive and to be functionally dependent at follow-up compared with men among those functionally independent at baseline. No significant differences among those who were initially dependent were apparent. Differential vulnerability to risk factors, more so than exposure, explained the variation in health outcomes across gender. Smoking, a lack of formal education, a lack of health insurance, a low sense of control, stressful events, and rural living played large roles in explaining the differences.
在本研究中，作者聚焦于北京的老年人，有三个目标：在为期五年的研究期末，在控制初始功能健康状况的情况下，考察功能健康和死亡率方面的性别差异；确定这些差异在多大程度上是暴露于风险因素与易受风险因素影响的结果；分析社会、经济和心理风险因素在解释性别差异方面的相对重要性。结果显示，在基线时功能独立的人群中，与男性相比，女性在随访时更有可能存活且功能依赖。在那些最初就功能依赖的人群中，未观察到显著差异。相较于暴露于风险因素，对风险因素的易感性差异更能解释不同性别间健康结局的差异。吸烟、未接受正规教育、缺乏健康保险、控制感低、压力事件以及农村居住在解释这些差异方面起了很大作用。
