Kaneda Toshiko, Zimmer Zachary, Tang Zhe
Policy Research Division, Population Council, One Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, New York, NY 10017, USA.
Disabil Rehabil. 2005 Mar 4;27(5):241-51. doi: 10.1080/09638280400006481.
The study compares life and active life expectancy estimates across indicators of socioeconomic status (SES) for a cohort of older adults in the Beijing municipality. Our aim is to determine if associations found are consistent across indicators and with those typically observed in the Western industrialized countries.
A multistate life table method is used to estimate expected years of total and active life, defined as life spent without limitation in functions necessary for performing daily tasks.
We find that men of higher status experience advantages with respect to life and active life expectancies. Among women, only active life expectancy is significantly higher for those of higher status, but the difference by income is not statistically significant. With respect to the proportion of life spent in an active state, both men and women of higher status benefit in comparison to their lower status counterparts. Finally, we find that disparities by SES generally increase with age.
Despite several inconsistencies across SES indicators by gender, findings generally confirm inequalities within a society that is organized very differently socially, economically, and politically from the West.
本研究比较了北京市一组老年人在社会经济地位（SES）指标方面的预期寿命和健康预期寿命估计值。我们的目的是确定所发现的关联在各指标之间是否一致，以及是否与西方工业化国家通常观察到的情况一致。
采用多状态生命表方法来估计总预期寿命和健康预期寿命，健康预期寿命定义为在执行日常任务所需功能不受限制的情况下度过的生命时间。
我们发现，社会经济地位较高的男性在预期寿命和健康预期寿命方面具有优势。在女性中，只有社会经济地位较高者的健康预期寿命显著更高，但收入差异在统计学上并不显著。就处于健康状态的生命比例而言，社会经济地位较高的男性和女性相对于地位较低的同龄人都更有优势。最后，我们发现社会经济地位差异通常随年龄增长而增大。
尽管按性别划分的社会经济地位指标存在一些不一致之处，但研究结果总体上证实了在一个社会、经济和政治组织与西方截然不同的社会中存在的不平等现象。
