Chaparro Camila M, Lutter Chessa K
Academy for Educational Development, Washington, DC, USA.
Food Nutr Bull. 2010 Jun;31(2 Suppl):S117-27. doi: 10.1177/15648265100312S204.
To understand the factors contributing to changes in breastfeeding duration, we analyzed data from seven countries in Latin America and from Haiti to document changes in breastfeeding duration between 1986 and 2005. We used a novel method that permits the overall change to be separated into the portion attributable to changing population characteristics (e.g., greater urban population or increased maternal employment) and the portion resulting from changing breastfeeding behaviors within population subgroups (e.g., more breastfeeding among urban women). Our results indicate that in the low-to-middle-income countries studied, which are experiencing socioeconomic and demographic changes, improvements in breastfeeding duration occurred. These improvements are explained almost entirely by changing breastfeeding behaviors, which were particularly evident in certain subgroups of women, such as those with higher levels of education, and very little by changing population characteristics. The socioeconomic and demographic changes we studied that were previously associated with less breastfeeding no longer appear to have a large negative effect. Our findings show that individual behaviors are amenable to change and that changes in individual behaviors collectively contribute to positive national trends in breastfeeding.
为了解影响母乳喂养持续时间变化的因素，我们分析了拉丁美洲七个国家以及海地的数据，以记录1986年至2005年期间母乳喂养持续时间的变化。我们采用了一种新颖的方法，该方法可以将总体变化分为归因于人口特征变化（例如城市人口增加或母亲就业增加）的部分，以及人口亚组内母乳喂养行为变化（例如城市女性中母乳喂养增加）导致的部分。我们的结果表明，在所研究的经历社会经济和人口变化的低收入和中等收入国家中，母乳喂养持续时间有所改善。这些改善几乎完全是由母乳喂养行为的变化所解释的，这在某些女性亚组中尤为明显，例如受教育程度较高的女性，而人口特征变化的影响则很小。我们研究的先前与较少母乳喂养相关的社会经济和人口变化似乎不再产生很大的负面影响。我们的研究结果表明，个人行为是可以改变的，个人行为的变化共同促成了全国母乳喂养的积极趋势。
